Xinjiang
See also: Xīnjiāng
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng, “new territory, new frontier”), from 新 (xīn, “new”) + 疆 (jiāng, “territory, border, frontier”).
Alternative forms edit
- Hsin-chiang, Hsinchiang (Wade–Giles)
- Hsin-kiang
- Sinkiang
- Xingjiang, Singkiang (misspelling)
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
Xinjiang
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- An Uyghur autonomous region in China, located in the sparsely populated northwest. Official name: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Capital: Ürümqi.
- 1975, “The National Minority Languages of China”, in Winfred P. Lehmann, editor, Language and Linguistics in the People's Republic of China[1], University of Texas Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 114:
- In the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, only local languages are used as a medium of instruction in the elementary and middle schools. In the same region, the law provides that both Chinese and Uighur must be used in all public documents.
- 2020, Laura Zhou, “Marco Rubio urges US Congress to pass Uygur bill to counter China’s crackdown in Xinjiang”, in South China Morning Post[2]:
- Since early 2017, the Chinese government has reportedly detained some 1 million Uygurs and other largely Muslim ethnic minorities in mass internment camps in Xinjiang, where inmates are subjected to political indoctrination. Beijing claims the facilities are “vocational training centres” and says they are a legitimate response to the threat of religious extremism.
- 2021 June 13, President Joe Biden, 0:00 from the start, in Biden says G7 leaders agreed to call out China over human rights abuses in Xinjiang and Hong Kong[3], South China Morning Post:
- G7 explicitly agreed to call out human rights abuses in Xinjiang and in Hong Kong- explicitly. Two, to coordinate a common strategy to deal with China non-market policies that undermine competition- we've agreed and that's underway now how to do that. Three, to take serious actions against forced labor in solar, agriculture and the garment industries, because that's where it's happening- and they've agreed we will do that.
- 2022 May 6, Li Yuan, “Has Shanghai Been Xinjianged?”, in The New York Times[4], →ISSN:
- Xinjiang was the dark China. The western frontier region, which is twice the size of Texas, is home to more than 10 million Muslim ethnic minorities who have been subject to mass detentions, religious repression and intrusive digital and physical surveillance.
- 2022 December 25, “China: 18 miners trapped after gold mine collapse”, in DW News[5], archived from the original on 25 December 2022, Nature and Environment[6]:
- Eighteen people remain trapped in a gold mine after it caved in China's northwestern province of Xinjiang.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Xinjiang.
Usage notes edit
This term is rejected by Uyghur independence activists due to the fact that it is a name given by the Chinese state. Instead, the term East Turkestan is used, which reflects their desire to have a homeland exclusively for Turkic peoples.
Synonyms edit
- Chinese Turkestan (can variously refer to Xinjiang as a whole or to portions of Xinjiang)
- East Turkestan, East Turkistan
- (abbreviation) XUAR
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
Uyghur autonomous region of China
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See also edit
| Provinces: Anhui · Fujian · Guangdong · Gansu · Guizhou · Henan · Hubei · Hebei · Hainan · Heilongjiang · Hunan · Jilin · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Liaoning · Qinghai · Sichuan · Shandong · Shaanxi · Shanxi · Taiwan (claimed) · Yunnan · Zhejiang |
| Autonomous regions: Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang |
| Municipalities: Beijing · Tianjin · Shanghai · Chongqing |
| Special administrative regions: Hong Kong · Macau |
Further reading edit
- Saul B. Cohen, editor (1998), “Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World[7], volume 3, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 3503, column 3
Etymology 2 edit
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 新絳／新绛 (Xīnjiàng).
Proper noun edit
Xinjiang
- A county of Yuncheng, Shanxi, China.
- 2010 September 3, He Jianwei, “Beats of the land: Artist's persistence saves ethnic heritage”, in Beijing Today[8], number 482, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 12–13, columns 3-1:
- Drumming in Shanxi Province can be dated back centuries earlier to Xinjiang County, the ancient name of Jiangzhou, in present-day Shanxi Province.
- 2021, Ying Jia Tan, “Waging Electrical Warfare”, in Recharging China in War and Revolution, 1882-1955[10], Cornell University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 150:
- About a month after surviving the power blockade in Harbin, the PLA entered Shuo County in Shanxi Province only to learn that the former warlord Yan Xishan had ordered the destruction of the county seat’s power station. According to the Xinhua News Agency, it took twenty-seven days to repair the damage, and after which “the bright lights of 15,500 lamps celebrated the return of brightness.⁵² The same thing happened after the Communist capture of Xinjiang County in southern Shanxi and Cang County in southern Hebei in July 1946.
Translations edit
French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Chinese 新疆 (Xīnjiāng).
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Proper noun edit
Xinjiang m
- Xinjiang
- Synonyms: Turkestan chinois, Turkestan oriental
Portuguese edit
Proper noun edit
Xinjiang m
- Alternative form of Sinkiang