新疆
Chinese
editnew; newly; meso- (chem.) | border; boundary | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (新疆) | 新 | 疆 | |
simp. #(新疆) | 新 | 疆 | |
Literally: “new territory”. |
Etymology
editOriginally a general term for newly acquired territories, used since the Southern Song dynasty. In the Qing dynasty, various non-Han-inhabited territories were referred to as 新疆, including southwestern and western Guizhou, Wumeng (烏蒙/乌蒙, modern-day Zhaotong, Yunnan), Jinchuan (金川), and the region now known as Xinjiang. 疆 (jiāng) denotes the region was inhabited by non-Han ethnicities.
The first instance of a Qing emperor referring to the region now known as Xinjiang as 新疆 is found in the foreword of 欽定新疆識略 written by the Daoguang Emperor in 1821. Prior to that, the region was referred to as 西域 (Xīyù, literally “Western Regions”), a term used since the Han dynasty (Li, 1981). In 大清一統志 published during the eras of Qianlong and Jiaqing, the region was referred to as 西域新疆. Furthermore, during the era of Qianlong, northern Xinjiang or Dzungaria was referred to as 準疆/准疆 and 準部/准部, among other names, while southern Xinjiang or Altishahr was referred to as 回疆 (Huíjiāng) and 回部 (Huíbù).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): san1 goeng1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhin1 giang1
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'xin1 jiong1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): Sĭng-giŏng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1shin-cian
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Sinjiang
- Wade–Giles: Hsin1-chiang1
- Yale: Syīn-jyāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shinjiang
- Palladius: Синьцзян (Sinʹczjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: san1 goeng1
- Yale: sān gēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: san1 goeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: sen1 gêng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐn⁵⁵ kœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhin1 giang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬin³³ kiaŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: 'xin1 jiong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˈɕin⁴² t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sîn-kiông
- Hakka Romanization System: xinˊ giongˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xin1 giong1
- Sinological IPA: /sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: Sĭng-giŏng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵⁵ (k-)ŋyoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-kiong
- Tâi-lô: Sin-kiong
- Phofsit Daibuun: sinkiofng
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /sin³³ kiɔŋ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-kiang
- Tâi-lô: Sin-kiang
- Phofsit Daibuun: sinkiafng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sing1 giang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sing kiang
- Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Wu
Proper noun
edit新疆
- (~維吾爾自治區, formerly ~省) Xinjiang (a Uygur autonomous region and former province in far western China; capital: Ürümqi)
- 1877, Zuo Zongtang, 統籌新疆全局疏; quoted in 羅正鈞, editor, 左文襄公年譜, volume 8, 1897, page 24:
- 是故重新疆者所以保蒙古,保蒙古者所以衛京師。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- Shìgù zhòng Xīnjiāng zhě suǒyǐ bǎo Ménggǔ, bǎo Ménggǔ zhě suǒyǐ wèi Jīngshī. [Pinyin]
- Thus, attaching importance to Xinjiang is the way to safeguard Mongolia, and safeguarding Mongolia is the way to defend the capital.
是故重新疆者所以保蒙古,保蒙古者所以卫京师。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Descendants
editOthers:
- → English: Xinjiang, Sinkiang, Hsin-chiang
- → Kazakh: Шынжаң (Şynjañ), شىنجاڭ (xinjyang)
- → Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ (sinǰiyang), Шиньжян (Šinʹžjan)
- → Russian: Синьцзя́н (Sinʹczján)
- → Nuosu: ꑟꏦ (xi jie)
- → Tatar: Шеңҗан (Şeñcan)
- → Turkish: Sincan
- → Uyghur: شىنجاڭ (shinjang), Шинҗаң (Shinjang)
- → Written Oirat: ᠱᡅᠨᡓᡅᡕᠠᡊ (šinǰiyang)
- → Zhuang: Sinhgyangh
- → Yakut: Синдьээҥ (Sinjeeñ)
Noun
edit新疆
See also
editJapanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
新 | 疆 |
しん Grade: 2 |
きょう Hyōgai |
on'yomi |
Proper noun
editKorean
editHanja in this term | |
---|---|
新 | 疆 |
Proper noun
editVietnamese
editchữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
新 | 疆 |
Proper noun
edit新疆
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Gan proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 新
- Chinese terms spelled with 疆
- zh:Xinjiang
- zh:Autonomous regions of China
- zh:Historical political subdivisions
- zh:Places in China
- Literary Chinese terms with usage examples
- Chinese terms with historical senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 新 read as しん
- Japanese terms spelled with 疆 read as きょう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- ja:Autonomous regions of China
- Korean lemmas
- Korean proper nouns
- Korean proper nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese proper nouns
- Vietnamese proper nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán