astoņi
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From a previous undeclinable *aštuo- (changed by analogy with septiņi, deviņi), from Proto-Baltic *aśtṓ, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“eight”), apparently from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed, angular”) (compare ass (“sharp”)): this number was associated with the stretched fingers of both hands (without the thumb), i.e., 8 tips, points. There is some evidence that the original meaning of this word was 4 rather than 8, i.e., 4 stretched fingers of one hand (without the thumb). Cognates include Lithuanian aštuonì, Old Prussian asmus (“eighth”), Old Church Slavonic осмь (osmĭ), Russian во́семь (vósemʹ), Belarusian во́сем (vósjem), Ukrainian ві́сім (vísim), Bulgarian о́съм (ósǎm), Czech osm, Polish ośm, Gothic 𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌿 (ahtau), Old High German ahto, German acht, English eight, Proto-Scythian *aštā́, Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭá), Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ), Latin octo.[1]
Pronunciation edit
< 7 | 8 | 9 > |
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Cardinal : astoņi Ordinal : astotais Multiplier : astoņreiz Nominal : astoņnieks Fractional : astotdaļa | ||
Latvian Wikipedia article on 8 (skaitlis) |
(file) |
Numeral edit
astoņi
- eight (the cipher, the cardinal number eight)
- skaitīt līdz astoņi ― to count to eight
- četri un četri ir astoņi ― four plus four is eight
- uzrakstīt uz tāfeles astoņi ― to write an eight on the blackboard
- pie pieciem pielikt astoņus ― to add eight to four
- eight (an amount equal to eight)
- astoņi cilvēki ― eight people
- sastapties pēc astoņiem gadiem ― to meet (someone) after eight years
- samaksāt astoņus latus ― to pay eight lats
- astoņus gadus veca meitene ― an eight-year-old girl
- eight o'clock (a moment in time; eight hours after midnight, or after noon)
- pulkstenis ir astoņi ― it is eight o'clock
- celties astoņos no rīta ― to get up at eight o'clock in the morning
- izrāde sākas astoņos vakarā ― the show begins at eight o'clock in the evening
- bibliotēka bija atvērta līdz astoņiem vakarā ― the library was open until eight o'clock in the evening
Declension edit
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | |
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nominative (nominatīvs) | astoņi | astoņas |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | astoņus | astoņas |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | astoņu | astoņu |
dative (datīvs) | astoņiem | astoņām |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | astoņiem | astoņām |
locative (lokatīvs) | astoņos | astoņās |
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — |
Coordinate terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “astoņi”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN