octo

See also: octo-

Interlingua

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈok.to/

Numeral

octo

1. eight

Latin

Latin numbers ^(edit)

	80[a], [b]
←  7	VIII 8	9  →
Cardinal: octō     Ordinal: octāvus     Adverbial: octiēs, octiēns     Proportional: octuplus     Multiplier: octuplex     Distributive: octōnus     Fractional: octāns

Alternative forms

• Symbol: VIII

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *oktō, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

Cognates include Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭa), Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ), Gothic 𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌿 (ahtau) and Old English eahta (English eight). Rubenbauer/Hofmann argue the form seems to stem from a PIE dual ("two times four fingertips" in a base-4 system).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈok.toː/, [ˈɔkt̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈok.to/, [ˈɔkt̪o]

Numeral

octō (indeclinable)

1. eight; 8
   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 1.171:

     huic a stirpe pedes temo protentus in octo,
     binae aures, duplici aptantur dentalia dorso.

     then nigh the root / A pole eight feet projecting, earth-boards twain, / And share-beam with its double back they fix

   • c. 370 CE, Eutropius, Breviarium historiae romanae 2.2:

     T. etiam Quintius Cincinnatus Praenestinos, qui usque ad urbis Romae portas cum bello venerant, persecutus ad flumen Alliam vicit, octo civitates, quae sub ipsis agebant, Romanis adiunxit, ipsum Praeneste adgressus in deditionem accepit.

     Titus Quintius Cincinnatus, also, having pursued the Praenestini, who had advanced in a hostile manner to the very gates of Rome, defeated them on the river Allia, annexing eight cities that were under their dominion to the Roman empire; and, attacking Praeneste itself, forced it to surrender.

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Regum II.22.1:

     octo annorum erat Iosias cum regnare coepisset et triginta uno anno regnavit in Hierusalem

     Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem.

Derived terms

• octāvus
• octiēs
• octipēs
• octōber
• octōnālis
• octōnārius
• octōnus
• octuplus

 

Related terms

• octās
• octōgintā

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: optu
  • Istro-Romanian: opt
  • Megleno-Romanian: uopt
  • Romanian: opt
• Dalmatian: uapto, guapto, uat
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: ottu
  • Italian: otto
  • Neapolitan: otto
  • Sicilian: ottu
• North Italian:
  • Friulian: vot
  • Istriot: uoto
  • Ladin: ot
  • Piedmontese: eut, eugg
  • Romansch: otg, och (Puter); ot (Vallader), ot, aut (Rumantsch Grischun); ault (Sursilvan); òlt (Sutsilvan)
  • Venetian: oto
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: huét
  • Old French: uit
    • Middle French: huyct, huict, huit, huyt
      • French: huit
    • Norman: huit
    • Walloon: ût
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: vuit

    Valencian: huit

  • Occitan: uèch, uèit, uòch
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: ueito, güeito, ueit
  • Asturian: uecho (obsolete)
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: oito
    • Galician: oito
    • Portuguese: oito, outo (dated)
      • →? Asturian: oito
  • Old Spanish: ocho
    • Ladino: ocho
    • Spanish: ocho (see there for further descendants)
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: oto, òtu
• Borrowings:
  • → Dutch: octo- (partially)
  • → English: octo- (partially)

See also

• Appendix:Latin cardinal numerals

References

• “octo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “octo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• octo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Rubenbauer, H., Hofmann, J. B., Heine, R. "Lateinische Grammatik", p.26.