acht

See also: Acht, ächt, åcht, and -acht

Alemannic German

cardinal number

8	Previous:	sibe
	Next:	nüün

Alternative forms

• ocht, àcht

Etymology

From Old High German ahto, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu. Cognate with German acht, Dutch acht, English eight, Swedish åtta.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑxt/

Numeral

acht

1. eight

Bavarian

Bavarian numbers ^(edit)

[a], [b], [c] ←  7	8	9  → [a], [b]
Cardinal: acht, åcht, åchte

Alternative forms

• achte, åcht, åchte

Etymology

From Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑxt/

  • Audio:

    (file)

Numeral

acht

1. eight

Cimbrian

Numeral

acht

1. attributive form of achte

   acht óarn ― eight o'clock (literally, “eight hours”)

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech acht, possibly from Middle High German āhte.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈaxt]
• Hyphenation: acht

Noun

acht m inan

1. (archaic) anathema

   Synonym: klatba

Declension

Declension of acht (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	acht	achty
genitive	achtu	achtů
dative	achtu	achtům
accusative	acht	achty
vocative	achte	achty
locative	achtu	achtech
instrumental	achtem	achty

Derived terms

• achtovanec
• achtovat

 

Further reading

• “acht”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “acht”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑxt/

• Audio (Belgium):

  (file)

• Audio (Netherlands):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: acht
• Rhymes: -ɑxt

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch achte, acht, from Old Dutch ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

Numeral

Dutch numbers ^(edit)

	80
←  7	8	9  →
Cardinal: acht     Ordinal: achtste

acht

1. eight

Derived terms

• achthoek
• achtling
• achtmaal
• achtvoud
• achtwerf

 

Descendants

• Afrikaans: agt, ag
• Berbice Creole Dutch: akti
• Jersey Dutch: āxt
• Negerhollands: acht, agt, ak
• Skepi Creole Dutch: akt
• → Sranan Tongo: acht

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch achte, from Old Dutch *ahta, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtu.

Noun

acht f (uncountable)

1. attention, heed

Derived terms

• acht is meer dan duizend
• achteloos
• achten
• inachtneming

 

Descendants

• Afrikaans: ag

Verb

acht

1. inflection of achten:
   1. first/second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. imperative

Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch achte, from Old Dutch *āhta, from Proto-Germanic *anhtō.

Noun

acht f (uncountable)

1. (historical, chiefly obsolete) banishment, ostracism

   Synonyms: ban, verbanning, vogelvrijverklaring

Usage notes

• At least the compound rijksacht is still attestable in contemporary historical writing alongside rijksban.

Anagrams

• chat

Dutch Low Saxon

Etymology

From Old Saxon ahto, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu. Cognate to German Low German acht, German acht, Dutch acht.

Numeral

acht

1. (in many (all?) dialects) eight (8)

German

German numbers ^(edit)

	80
←  7	8	9  →
Cardinal: acht     Ordinal: achte     Sequence adverb: achtens     Ordinal abbreviation: 8.     Adverbial: achtmal     Adverbial abbreviation: 8-mal     Multiplier: achtfach     Multiplier abbreviation: 8-fach     Fractional: Achtel     Polygon: Achteck     Polygon abbreviation: 8-Eck     Polygonal adjective: achteckig     Polygonal adjective abbreviation: 8-eckig
German Wikipedia article on 8

Etymology

From Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

Compare Dutch acht, English eight, Danish otte, Swedish åtta, Greek οκτώ (októ), Latin octō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [axt]

• Audio:

  (file)

Numeral

acht

1. (cardinal number) eight (numerical value represented by the Arabic numeral 8; or describing a set with eight elements)

Coordinate terms

German cardinal numbers from 0 to 99

	—0	—1	—2	—3	—4	—5	—6	—7	—8	—9
0—	null	eins, (before a noun) ein	zwei	drei	vier	fünf	sechs	sieben	acht	neun
1—	zehn	elf	zwölf	dreizehn	vierzehn	fünfzehn	sechzehn	siebzehn	achtzehn	neunzehn
2—	zwanzig	einundzwanzig	zweiundzwanzig	dreiundzwanzig	vierundzwanzig	fünfundzwanzig	sechsundzwanzig	siebenundzwanzig	achtundzwanzig	neunundzwanzig
3—	Germany, Austria: dreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: dreissig	Germany, Austria: einunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: einunddreissig	Germany, Austria: zweiunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: zweiunddreissig	Germany, Austria: dreiunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: dreiunddreissig	Germany, Austria: vierunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: vierunddreissig	Germany, Austria: fünfunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: fünfunddreissig	Germany, Austria: sechsunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: sechsunddreissig	Germany, Austria: siebenunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: siebenunddreissig	Germany, Austria: achtunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: achtunddreissig	Germany, Austria: neununddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: neununddreissig
4—	vierzig	einundvierzig	zweiundvierzig	dreiundvierzig	vierundvierzig	fünfundvierzig	sechsundvierzig	siebenundvierzig	achtundvierzig	neunundvierzig
5—	fünfzig	einundfünfzig	zweiundfünfzig	dreiundfünfzig	vierundfünfzig	fünfundfünfzig	sechsundfünfzig	siebenundfünfzig	achtundfünfzig	neunundfünfzig
6—	sechzig	einundsechzig	zweiundsechzig	dreiundsechzig	vierundsechzig	fünfundsechzig	sechsundsechzig	siebenundsechzig	achtundsechzig	neunundsechzig
7—	siebzig	einundsiebzig	zweiundsiebzig	dreiundsiebzig	vierundsiebzig	fünfundsiebzig	sechsundsiebzig	siebenundsiebzig	achtundsiebzig	neunundsiebzig
8—	achtzig	einundachtzig	zweiundachtzig	dreiundachtzig	vierundachtzig	fünfundachtzig	sechsundachtzig	siebenundachtzig	achtundachtzig	neunundachtzig
9—	neunzig	einundneunzig	zweiundneunzig	dreiundneunzig	vierundneunzig	fünfundneunzig	sechsundneunzig	siebenundneunzig	achtundneunzig	neunundneunzig

German cardinal numbers from 100 onward

• 100: hundert, einhundert
• 10³: tausend, eintausend
• 10⁴: zehntausend (Myriade)
• 10⁶: Million (tausendmaltausend, tausendtausend)
• 10⁹: Milliarde
• 10¹²: Billion
• 10¹⁵: Billiarde
• 10¹⁸: Trillion
• 10²¹: Trilliarde
• 10²⁴: Quadrillion
• 10²⁷: Quadrilliarde
• 10³⁰: Quintillion
• 10³³: Quintilliarde
• 10³⁶: Sextillion
• 10³⁹: Sextilliarde
• 10⁴²: Septillion
• 10⁴⁵: Septilliarde
• 10⁴⁸: Oktillion
• 10⁵¹: Oktilliarde
• 10⁵⁴: Nonillion
• 10⁵⁷: Nonilliarde
• 10⁶⁰: Dezillion
• 10⁶³: Dezilliarde
• 10⁶⁶: Undezillion
• 10⁶⁹: Undezilliarde
• 10⁷²: Duodezillion
• 10⁷⁵: Duodezilliarde
• 10⁷⁸: Tredezillion
• 10⁸¹: Tredezilliarde
• 10⁸⁴: Quattuordezillion
• 10⁸⁷: Quattuordezilliarde

…

• 10¹⁰⁰: Googol

…

• 10¹²⁰: Vigintillion
• 10¹²³: Vigintilliarde

…

Derived terms

• Acht, Achteck
• achtfach, achtmal
• achtstündig, achttägig

Related terms

• achtzehn
• achtzig
• Achteck

Further reading

• “acht” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “acht” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “acht” in Duden online
• acht on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^de

German Low German

German Low German cardinal numbers

<  7	8	9  >
Cardinal : acht     Ordinal : acht

Etymology

From Middle Low German achte, from Old Saxon ahto. Cognate to Dutch Low Saxon acht, German acht, Dutch acht.

Numeral

acht

1. (in many dialects, including Eastern Pomeranian, Low Prussian) eight (8)

Coordinate terms

Cardinal numbers from 0 to 99

	—0	—1	—2	—3	—4	—5	—6	—7	—8	—9
0—	null	een	twee/twei	dree/drei	veer	fiev/fief	söß/söss/seß	sæben/söven	acht	negen/nägen
1—	teihn/tein/tien	ölven/elf	twölf	dörteihn	veerteihn	föffteihn	sössteihn	söventeihn	achtteihn	negenteihn
2—	twintig	eenuntwintig	tweeuntwintig	dreeuntwintig	veeruntwintig	fiefuntwintig	sössuntwintig	sövenuntwintig	achtuntwintig	negenuntwintig
3—	dörtig	eenundörtig	tweeundörtig	dreeundörtig	veerundörtig	fiefundörtig	sössundörtig	sövenundörtig	achtundörtig	negenundörtig
4—	veertig	eenunveertig	tweeunveertig	dreeunveertig	veerunveertig	fiefunveertig	sössunveertig	sövenunveertig	achtunveertig	negenunveertig
5—	föfftig	eenunföfftig	tweeunföfftig	dreeunföfftig	veerunföfftig	fiefunföfftig	sössunföfftig	sövenunföfftig	achtunföfftig	negenunföfftig
6—	sösstig	eenunsösstig	tweeunsösstig	dreeunsösstig	veerunsösstig	fiefunsösstig	sössunsösstig	sövenunsösstig	achtunsösstig	negenunsösstig
7—	söventig	eenunsöventig	tweeunsöventig	dreeunsöventig	veerunsöventig	fiefunsöventig	sössunsöventig	sövenunsöventig	achtunsöventig	negenunsöventig
8—	achtig tachentig	eenunachtig eenuntachentig	tweeunachtig tweeuntachentig	dreeunachtig dreeuntachentig	veerunachtig veeruntachentig	fiefunachtig fiefuntachentig	sössunachtig sössuntachentig	sövenunachtig sövenuntachentig	achtunachtig achtuntachentig	negenunachtig negenuntachentig
9—	negentig	eenunnegentig	tweeunnegentig	dreeunnegentig	veerunnegentig	fiefunnegentig	sössunnegentig	sövenunnegentig	achtunnegentig	negenunnegentig

Cardinal numbers from 100 onward

• 100: hunnert
• 10³: dusend, duusend, eendusend
• 10⁴: teihndusend
• 10⁶: Milljon
• 10¹²: Billjon
• 10¹⁵: Billjard

…

Numeral

acht

1. (Eastern Pomeranian in Brazil) eighth (8th)

References

• Der neue SASS: Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, Plattdeutsch - Hochdeutsch, Hochdeutsch - Plattdeutsch. Plattdeutsche Rechtschreibung, sixth revised edition (2011, →ISBN, Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster)
• Gertjan Postma, A Contrastive Grammar of Brazilian Pomeranian (Linguistik Aktuell / Linguistics Today, vol. 248), 2019, p. 97 & 99

Hunsrik

Hunsrik numbers ^(edit)

	80
←  7	8	9  →
Cardinal: acht     Ordinal: acht     Fractional: Achtel

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /axt/
• Rhymes: -axt
• Hyphenation: acht

Etymology 1

Inherited from Central Franconian aacht, from Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu.

Cognate with German acht and Luxembourgish aacht.

Numeral

acht

1. eight

   Sie hon acht Kinner.

   They have eight children.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle High German ahtede, from Old High German ahtodo, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtudō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtudô.

Cognate with German achte and Luxembourgish aacht.

Adjective

acht

1. eighth

Declension

Declension of acht (see also Appendix:Hunsrik adjectives)
		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
Weak inflection	nominative	acht	acht	acht	achte
	accusative	achte	acht	acht	achte
	dative	achte	achte	achte	achte
Strong inflection	nominative	achter	achte	achtes	achte
	accusative	achte	achte	achtes	achte
	dative	achtem	achter	achtem	achte

Irish

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish acht, from Latin āctus.

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ɑxt̪ˠ/
• (Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /axt̪ˠ/

Noun

acht m (genitive singular achta, nominative plural achtanna)

1. decree, enactment
2. compact
3. condition

Declension

Declension of acht

Third declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative acht achtanna Vocative a acht a achtanna Genitive achta achtanna Dative acht achtanna

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an t-acht na hachtanna Genitive an achta na n-achtanna Dative leis an acht don acht leis na hachtanna

Derived terms

• achtachán m (“enactment”)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish acht.

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ɑx/
• (Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /ax/

Conjunction

acht

1. Obsolete spelling of ach (“but”).

Preposition

acht (plus nominative, triggers no mutation)

1. Obsolete spelling of ach (“except, but”).

Adverb

acht

1. Obsolete spelling of ach (“but, only, merely”).

Etymology 3

Likely from etymology 2.

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ɑxt̪ˠ/
• (Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /axt̪ˠ/

Noun

acht m (genitive singular achta)

1. doubt, uncertainty

Declension

Declension of acht

Third declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative acht Vocative a acht Genitive achta Dative acht

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an t-acht Genitive an achta Dative leis an acht don acht

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
acht	n-acht	hacht	t-acht
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “acht”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “6 acht (‘decree, edict’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 acht (‘but, except’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 acht (‘stipulation, condition’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “4 acht (‘doubt’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “acht”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “acht”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Middle Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /axt/

Numeral

acht

1. Alternative form of achte

Old Czech

Etymology

Possibly from borrowed from Middle High German āhte (compare German outlawry, sworn enmity).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈaxt/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈaxt/

Noun

acht m inan

1. anathema

Declension

Declension of acht (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	acht	achty	achti, achtové
genitive	achta, achtu	achtú	achtóv
dative	achtu	achtoma	achtóm
accusative	acht	achty	achty
vocative	achte	achty	achti, achtové
locative	achtě, achtu	achtú	achtiech
instrumental	achtem	achtoma	achty

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Derived terms

• achtovanec
• achtovati
• zaachtovanec

 

Descendants

• Czech: acht

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “acht”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /axt/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *extos (“except, but”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰsto- (“out”), from *h₁eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐκτός (ektós, “outside”).

Alternative forms

• act

Conjunction

acht

1. but
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 7^d10

     Mógi sidi uili do Día; acht do·rigénsat in descipuil dechor etarru et déu diib: is hed on ɔsecha-som hic.

     They are all servants to God; but the disciples had made a distinction between them and (made) gods of them; that is what he corrects here.

2. provided (that) (followed by ro- and the subjunctive mood of the verb)
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 23^b24

     Ní imned lim act rop Críst pridches et imme·ráda cách.

     It is not tribulation for me provided that it is Christ on whom everyone preaches and meditates.

3. (followed by a nasalizing relative clause) except that
   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 137^b5

     Fa·didmed aicned, acht dond·ecmaiṅg anísiu.

     Nature would have allowed it, except that this happens.

For more quotations using this term, see Citations:acht.

Descendants

• Irish: ach
• Manx: agh
• Scottish Gaelic: ach

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

·acht

1. inflection of aigid:
   1. third-person singular preterite conjunct
   2. passive singular preterite conjunct

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
·acht (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	·n-acht
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 acht (‘but, except’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Pennsylvania German

Pennsylvania German cardinal numbers

<  7	8	9  >
Cardinal : acht     Ordinal : acht

Pennsylvania German ordinal numbers

<  7	8	9  >
Cardinal : acht     Ordinal : acht

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /axt/

Etymology 1

From Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto. Compare German acht, Dutch acht, English eight.

Numeral

acht

1. eight

Etymology 2

Compare German achte, Dutch achtste, English eighth.

Adjective

acht

1. eighth

Numeral

acht

1. eighth

West Frisian

West Frisian cardinal numbers

<  7	8	9  >
Cardinal : acht     Ordinal : achtste

Etymology

From Old Frisian achta, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /axt/

Numeral

acht

1. eight

Further reading

• “acht (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Noun

acht c (plural achten, diminutive achtsje)

1. eight

Further reading

• “acht (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Zealandic

Etymology

From Middle Dutch achte, acht, from Old Dutch ahto, from Frankish and Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

Numeral

acht

1. eight

Zipser German

Numeral

acht

1. Alternative form of åcht