cilium
See also: Cilium
English edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin cilium (“eyelid”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
cilium (plural cilia)
- (cytology) A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors.
- Hyponym: primary cilium
- (entomology) One of the fine hairs along an insect's wing.
- (botany) Hairs or similar protrusions along the margin of an organ.
- (anatomy) An eyelash.
Hyponyms edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell
|
eyelash — see eyelash
See also edit
References edit
- “cilium”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- “cilium”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *keljom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-m, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Alternatively compare Ancient Greek κῠ́λᾱ (kúlā, “the parts under the eyes”) (though Beekes doubts this connection and derives the latter from Pre-Greek).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈki.li.um/, [ˈkɪlʲiʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃi.li.um/, [ˈt͡ʃiːlium]
Noun edit
cilium n (genitive ciliī or cilī); second declension
- (anatomy) eyelid
- Synonym: palpebra
- (transferred sense) lower eyelid
- Antonym: supercilium
- (Medieval Latin, usually in the plural) eyelash
- Synonym: palpebra
Inflection edit
Second-declension noun (neuter).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | cilium | cilia |
Genitive | ciliī cilī1 |
ciliōrum |
Dative | ciliō | ciliīs |
Accusative | cilium | cilia |
Ablative | ciliō | ciliīs |
Vocative | cilium | cilia |
1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).
Derived terms edit
- ciliāris (adjective)
- intercilium
- supercilium
Descendants edit
(Several via the plural cilia.)
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- North Italian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Borrowings:
References edit
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “cĭlium”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 627
Further reading edit
- “cilium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- cilium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- cilium in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016