dzīsla
See also: dzīslā
Latvian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Baltic *gīsla (or perhaps Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀ(s)lāˀ[1]), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷi-, *gʷey- (< *gʷeyh₃- “to live”) with an extra -la (ancient Indo-European cultures often linked the idea of “life”, “being alive” with visible blood vessels and tendons).[2]
Cognates
Cognates include Lithuanian gýsla, the second half of Old Prussian pettegislo (“back vein”) (cf. pette (“back”)), Proto-Slavic *gislā, *žila (Russian жи́ла (žíla, “vein, tendon”), Ukrainian жи́ла (žýla), Belarusian жы́ла (žýla), Bulgarian жи́ла (žíla), Czech žíla, Polish żyła), Latin filum (< *gʷʰislom < *gʷiHleh₂) “thread, yarn, fiber, tendon, vein”.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editdzīsla f (4th declension)
- (anatomy) blood vessel (vein, artery)
- asinis rit dzīslās ― blood flows in the veins
- mūsu dzīslas ne jau ūdens silts, / karstas asinis ar sirdi runā ― in our blood vessels not cold water, / but hot blood speaks with the heart
- (botany) leaf vein (part of the leaf vascular system or venation)
- viss augs (driģene) pūkains, vainaglapas ar violetām dzīslām ― the whole plant (henbane) is fluffy, with petals with violet veins
- lāpu krāsa kāpostiem pelēki zaļa... lapām lielas dzīslas ― the color of cabbage leaves (is) grayish-green... the leaves (have) large veins
- (geology) vein (a rock-filled crack or fissure on the Earth's crust)
- dzīslu ieži ― fissure rock (the kind of rock that fills fissures)
- rūdu dzīslas ― ore veins
- Volīnijā pēdējā laikā atrastas pegmatīta dzīslas ar unikāliem vīna dzelteniem topāza kristāliem ― in Volhynia pegmatite veins with unique wine yellow topaz crystals were recently found
- (anatomy) sinew, tendon (fibrous tissue connecting a muscle to its bone)
- es sastiepu kājas dzīslu ― I sprained (my) leg tendon
- zemnieks brīnīdamies staipīja savus neveiklos, sastrādātos pirkstus, dzīslas džerkstēja ar nepatīkam skaņu ― with wonderment, the peasant stretched his clumsy, overworked fingers, (his) tendons producing an unpleasant noise
Usage notes
editIn the sense of "blood vessel", dzīsla is a non-technical, colloquial word, more likely to be found in emotive or poetic expressions while vēna and artērija are more technical and typical of scientific discourse (like English arteries when compared to veins).
Declension
editDeclension of dzīsla (4th declension)
singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīvs) | dzīsla | dzīslas |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | dzīslu | dzīslas |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | dzīslas | dzīslu |
dative (datīvs) | dzīslai | dzīslām |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | dzīslu | dzīslām |
locative (lokatīvs) | dzīslā | dzīslās |
vocative (vokatīvs) | dzīsla | dzīslas |
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 562
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “dzīsla”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Categories:
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with broken intonation
- Latvian terms with audio links
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian nouns
- Latvian feminine nouns
- lv:Anatomy
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- lv:Botany
- lv:Geology
- Latvian fourth declension nouns