Latin

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Etymology

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From ex- (out of) +‎ quatiō (shake).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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excutiō (present infinitive excutere, perfect active excussī, supine excussum); third conjugation iō-variant

  1. to shake out, shake off, elicit, knock out, drive out, cast off, strike off
  2. to throw from or off of a horse, chariot, ship, etc.
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.115–116:
      [...] excutitur prōnusque magister
      volvitur in caput [...].
      [Having been knocked out] and [lying] prone [on deck], the helmsman was thrown [from the ship], [and] was tumbled headfirst [into the water].
      (During the storm at sea, Lycian helmsman Leucaspis suffers a dishonorable death without proper burial; he appears by name in Book 6, Line 334.)
  3. to discard, banish
  4. to examine, inspect

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of excutiō (third conjugation -variant)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present excutiō excutis excutit excutimus excutitis excutiunt
imperfect excutiēbam excutiēbās excutiēbat excutiēbāmus excutiēbātis excutiēbant
future excutiam excutiēs excutiet excutiēmus excutiētis excutient
perfect excussī excussistī excussit excussimus excussistis excussērunt,
excussēre
pluperfect excusseram excusserās excusserat excusserāmus excusserātis excusserant
future perfect excusserō excusseris excusserit excusserimus excusseritis excusserint
sigmatic future1 excussō excussis excussit excussimus excussitis excussint
passive present excutior excuteris,
excutere
excutitur excutimur excutiminī excutiuntur
imperfect excutiēbar excutiēbāris,
excutiēbāre
excutiēbātur excutiēbāmur excutiēbāminī excutiēbantur
future excutiar excutiēris,
excutiēre
excutiētur excutiēmur excutiēminī excutientur
perfect excussus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect excussus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect excussus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present excutiam excutiās excutiat excutiāmus excutiātis excutiant
imperfect excuterem excuterēs excuteret excuterēmus excuterētis excuterent
perfect excusserim excusserīs excusserit excusserīmus excusserītis excusserint
pluperfect excussissem excussissēs excussisset excussissēmus excussissētis excussissent
sigmatic aorist1 excussim excussīs excussīt excussīmus excussītis excussint
passive present excutiar excutiāris,
excutiāre
excutiātur excutiāmur excutiāminī excutiantur
imperfect excuterer excuterēris,
excuterēre
excuterētur excuterēmur excuterēminī excuterentur
perfect excussus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect excussus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present excute excutite
future excutitō excutitō excutitōte excutiuntō
passive present excutere excutiminī
future excutitor excutitor excutiuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives excutere excussisse excussūrum esse excutī excussum esse excussum īrī
participles excutiēns excussūrus excussus excutiendus,
excutiundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
excutiendī excutiendō excutiendum excutiendō excussum excussū

1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Descendants

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References

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  • excutio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • excutio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • excutio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to make a person laugh: risum elicere (more strongly excutere) alicui
    • to shake off the yoke of slavery: iugum servitutis excutere