graver

See also: Graver and gräver

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɹeɪ.və(ɹ)/
• Rhymes: -eɪvə(ɹ)

Etymology 1

From Middle English gravere, graver, gravoure, from Old English græfere, grafere (“graver; engraver; sculptor”), equivalent to grave (“to engrave”) +‎ -er. Cognate with Dutch graveur, German Graveur, Danish gravør, Swedish gravör, Icelandic grafari.

Noun

graver (plural gravers)

1. (dated) a burin
2. (obsolete) a carver, sculptor, or engraver
   • 1852-1854, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures

     The graver, in ploughing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs.

   • a. 1798, James Barry, Observations on different works of art in France and Ital:

     […] the parts within the contorno are drawn by the incisions of the graver […]

Translations

burin — see burin

carver or engraver — see carver,‎ engraver

Etymology 2

From grave (adjective) +‎ -er.

Adjective

graver

1. comparative form of grave: more grave

Anagrams

• Garver

Danish

Noun

graver c (singular definite graveren, plural indefinite gravere)

1. gravedigger

Declension

Declension of graver

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	graver	graveren	gravere	graverne
genitive	gravers	graverens	graveres	gravernes

Verb

graver

1. present tense of grave
2. imperative of gravere

References

• “graver” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch grāvere. Equivalent to graven +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣraː.vər/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: gra‧ver
• Rhymes: -aːvər

Noun

graver m (plural gravers, diminutive gravertje n, feminine graafster)

1. a digger, someone who digs

French

Etymology

From Old French, from Frankish *graban, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną. Akin to English grave (“pit for burial”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʁa.ve/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

graver

1. to engrave
2. to carve (wood)
3. to burn (data, onto a CD, DVD, etc.)

Usage notes

• Not to be confused with gravir.

Conjugation

Conjugation of graver (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	graver
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	gravant /ɡʁa.vɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		gravé /ɡʁa.ve/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	grave /ɡʁav/	graves /ɡʁav/	grave /ɡʁav/	gravons /ɡʁa.vɔ̃/	gravez /ɡʁa.ve/	gravent /ɡʁav/
	imperfect	gravais /ɡʁa.vɛ/	gravais /ɡʁa.vɛ/	gravait /ɡʁa.vɛ/	gravions /ɡʁa.vjɔ̃/	graviez /ɡʁa.vje/	gravaient /ɡʁa.vɛ/
	past historic2	gravai /ɡʁa.ve/	gravas /ɡʁa.va/	grava /ɡʁa.va/	gravâmes /ɡʁa.vam/	gravâtes /ɡʁa.vat/	gravèrent /ɡʁa.vɛʁ/
	future	graverai /ɡʁa.vʁe/	graveras /ɡʁa.vʁa/	gravera /ɡʁa.vʁa/	graverons /ɡʁa.vʁɔ̃/	graverez /ɡʁa.vʁe/	graveront /ɡʁa.vʁɔ̃/
	conditional	graverais /ɡʁa.vʁɛ/	graverais /ɡʁa.vʁɛ/	graverait /ɡʁa.vʁɛ/	graverions /ɡʁa.və.ʁjɔ̃/	graveriez /ɡʁa.və.ʁje/	graveraient /ɡʁa.vʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	grave /ɡʁav/	graves /ɡʁav/	grave /ɡʁav/	gravions /ɡʁa.vjɔ̃/	graviez /ɡʁa.vje/	gravent /ɡʁav/
	imperfect2	gravasse /ɡʁa.vas/	gravasses /ɡʁa.vas/	gravât /ɡʁa.va/	gravassions /ɡʁa.va.sjɔ̃/	gravassiez /ɡʁa.va.sje/	gravassent /ɡʁa.vas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	grave /ɡʁav/	—	gravons /ɡʁa.vɔ̃/	gravez /ɡʁa.ve/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• gravé dans le marbre
• graveur
• gravure

Descendants

• → Portuguese: gravar
• → Spanish: grabar

Further reading

• “graver”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch graveur, from French graveur.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡraver]
• Hyphenation: gra‧vér

Noun

gravér (first-person possessive graverku, second-person possessive gravermu, third-person possessive gravernya)

1. engraver:
   1. a person who engraves

      Synonyms: juru ukir, pengukir

   2. a tool used in this process

Derived terms

• menggraver

 

Related terms

• gravir

 

Further reading

• “graver” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Verb

graver

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of gravō

Middle English

Noun

graver

1. Alternative form of gravere

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡrɑːʋər/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːʋər
• Hyphenation: grav‧er

Etymology 1

From grave +‎ -er.

Noun

graver m (definite singular graveren, indefinite plural gravere, definite plural graverne)

1. a digger, gravedigger

Derived terms

• gullgraver

See also

• gravar (Nynorsk)

Etymology 2

Noun

graver m or f

1. indefinite plural of grav

Etymology 3

Noun

graver m

1. indefinite plural of grave

Etymology 4

Verb

graver

1. present tense of grave
2. imperative of gravere

References

• “graver” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “graver” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

graver f

1. indefinite plural of grav