Wiktionary

grave

See also: Grave, gravé, gravë, and -grave

EnglishEdit

 grave on Wikipedia

PronunciationEdit

  • enPR: grāv, IPA(key): /ɡɹeɪv/
    • Audio (US)(file)
    • Rhymes: -eɪv
  • (accent, also): IPA(key): /ɡrɑːv/

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English grave, grafe, from Old English græf, grafu (“cave, grave, trench”), from Proto-Germanic *grabą, *grabō (“grave, trench, ditch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).

Cognate with West Frisian grêf (“grave”), Dutch graf (“grave”), Low German Graf (“a grave”), Graff, German Grab (“grave”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian grav (“grave”), Icelandic gröf (“grave”). Related to groove.

NounEdit

 
A freshly dug grave

grave (plural graves)

  1. An excavation in the earth as a place of burial
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 11:17:
      He had lain in the grave four days.
    • 1856, Eleanor Marx-Aveling (translator), Gustave Flaubert (author), Madame Bovary, Part III, Chapter X:
      They reached the cemetery. The men went right down to a place in the grass where a grave was dug. They ranged themselves all round; and while the priest spoke, the red soil thrown up at the sides kept noiselessly slipping down at the corners.
  2. Any place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher.
  3. (by extension) Death, destruction.
  4. (by extension) Deceased people; the dead.
    • 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:
      "Hold your jaw, woman! I've had enough to vex me to-day without you startin' your tantrums. You're jealous of the grave. That's wot's the matter with you." "And her brats can insult me as they like - me that 'as cared for you these five years."
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English graven, from Old English grafan (“to dig, dig up, grave, engrave, carve, chisel”), from Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”). Cognate with Dutch graven (“to dig”), German graben (“to dig”), Danish grave (“to dig”), Swedish gräva (“to dig”), Icelandic grafa (“to dig”).

VerbEdit

grave (third-person singular simple present graves, present participle graving, simple past graved, past participle graved or graven)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To dig.
  2. (intransitive, obsolete) To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.
  3. (transitive, obsolete) To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture.
    to grave an image
  4. (intransitive, obsolete) To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.
    • 1718, Mat[thew] Prior, “Solomon on the Vanity of the World. A Poem in Three Books.”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […], →OCLC, (please specify the page):
      O! may they graven in thy heart remain.
  5. (transitive, obsolete) To entomb; to bury.
  6. (intransitive, obsolete) To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

From Middle French grave, a learned borrowing from Latin gravis (“heavy, important”). Compare Old French greve (“terrible, dreadful”). Doublet of grief.

AdjectiveEdit

grave (comparative graver, superlative gravest)

  1. Characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness; not cheerful. [from 16th c.]
    Synonyms: sober, solemn, sombre, sedate, serious, staid
  2. Low in pitch, tone etc. [from 17th c.]
    Antonym: acute
    • 1854, John Weeks Moore, Encyclopedia of Music:
      The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.
  3. Serious, in a negative sense; important, formidable. [from 19th c.]
    Synonyms: serious, momentous, important
    • 2016 February 6, James Zogby, “Israel’s prickliness blocks the long quest for peace”, in The National‎[3]:
      Israel’s behaviour is doing grave damage to the Palestinian people and to any hope for peace.
  4. (phonology, dated, of a sound) Dull, produced in the middle or back of the mouth. (See   Grave and acute on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
    Coordinate term: acute
  5. (obsolete) Influential, important; authoritative. [16th–18th c.]
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 3, member 7:
      An illiterate fool sits in a mans seat; and the common people hold him learned, grave, and wise.
SynonymsEdit
The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}}.

Derived termsEdit

TranslationsEdit

NounEdit

grave (plural graves)

  1. A written accent used in French, Italian, and other languages. è is an e with a grave accent (`).
TranslationsEdit
grave accent — see grave accent

Etymology 4Edit

Inherited from Middle English greyve. Doublet of graaf (borrowed from the Dutch cognate graaf (“count, earl”)) and graf (borrowed from the German cognate Graf (“count, earl”)).

NounEdit

grave (plural graves)

  1. (historical) A count, prefect, or person holding office.
Related termsEdit

Etymology 5Edit

VerbEdit

grave (third-person singular simple present graves, present participle graving, simple past and past participle graved)

  1. (transitive, obsolete, nautical) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch — so called because graves or greaves was formerly used for this purpose.
Related termsEdit

AnagramsEdit

DanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ɡraːvə/, [ˈɡ̊ʁɑːvə]

Etymology 1Edit

From Italian grave, from Latin gravis (“heavy, grave”).

AdverbEdit

grave

  1. (music) grave (low in pitch, tone etc.)
  2. accent grave – accent grave, grave accent

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse grafa (“to dig, bury”), from Proto-Germanic *grabaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).

VerbEdit

grave (imperative grav, infinitive at grave, present tense graver, past tense gravede, perfect tense har gravet)

  1. dig (to move hard-packed earth out of the way)
Derived termsEdit
digging

Etymology 3Edit

See grav (“grave, tomb, pit”).

NounEdit

grave c

  1. indefinite plural of grav

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

grave

  1. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of graven

AnagramsEdit

EsperantoEdit

AdverbEdit

grave

  1. seriously, gravely

FrenchEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle French grave, borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of grief.

AdjectiveEdit

grave (plural graves)

  1. serious
  2. solemn
  3. low-pitched
    Antonym: aigu
  4. (phonetics) back
    • 1911 April, "Quelques mots sur la pronunciation des lettres Turques" in Dictionnaire turc-français[4]:
      Quatre de ces voyelles sont graves: a, o, u, œu.
      Four of these are vowels are back [vowels], a, o, u, [and] œu
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: grave

AdverbEdit

grave

  1. (informal, slang) much; a lot
    Je te kiffe grave !
    I love you like crazy!

Etymology 2Edit

VerbEdit

grave

  1. inflection of graver:
    1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further readingEdit

AnagramsEdit

ItalianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of greve.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡra.ve/
  • Rhymes: -ave
  • Syllabification: grà‧ve

AdjectiveEdit

grave (plural gravi, superlative gravissimo)

  1. grave, serious
    un grave problema
    a serious problem
  2. heavy
  3. solemn
  4. (music) low-pitched, low-pitch

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

AnagramsEdit

LatinEdit

AdjectiveEdit

grave

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of gravis

ReferencesEdit

  • "grave", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • grave in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • "grave", in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎[5]

Middle EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From the dative of Old English græf, from Proto-West Germanic *grab, from Proto-Germanic *grabą.

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡraːv(ə)/, /ˈɡrav(ə)/, /ˈɡraf/

NounEdit

grave (plural graves)

  1. grave, burial
  2. tomb, mausoleum
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡraːvɛi̯/, /ˈɡraːveː/

NounEdit

grave (plural graves)

  1. Alternative form of gravey

Etymology 3Edit

NounEdit

grave

  1. (Late Middle English) Alternative form of greyve

Etymology 4Edit

NounEdit

grave

  1. (Early Middle English) Alternative form of grove

Etymology 5Edit

VerbEdit

grave

  1. Alternative form of graven

Middle FrenchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French grave.

NounEdit

grave f (plural graves)

  1. gravel

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (grave)

Middle High GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old High German grāfo, grāvo, grāfio, grāvio (“count, local judge”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

grâve m

  1. count, local judge

DeclensionEdit

Declension of grâve
Case \ Number singular plural
nominative grâve grâven
accusative grâven grâven
genitive grâven grâven
dative grâven grâven

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • “grâve” Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Wilhelm Müller, and Friedrich Zarncke. Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke. Vol. 1. S. Hirzel, 1863.

Norwegian BokmålEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse grafa, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).

VerbEdit

grave (imperative grav, present tense graver, passive graves, simple past gravde or grov, past participle gravd, present participle gravende)

  1. to dig
    grave ut ― to excavate

Etymology 2Edit

From French grave (“serious, low-pitched; back”), from Middle French grave, from Old French grave, from Latin gravis (“heavy, grave, serious”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”), from *gʷreh₂- (“heavy”) + *-us (forms adjectives).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

grave m (definite singular graven, indefinite plural graver, definite plural gravene)

  1. Only used in accent grave (“grave accent”)

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

VerbEdit

grave (present tense grev, past tense grov, past participle grave, passive infinitive gravast, present participle gravande, imperative grav)

  1. Alternative form of grava

Derived termsEdit

Old FrenchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Medieval Latin grava, from Gaulish *grawa, *growa, from Proto-Celtic *grāwā, related to Cornish grow (“gravel”), Breton grouan, and Welsh gro (“gravel”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr-eu-d-.

NounEdit

grave f (oblique plural graves, nominative singular grave, nominative plural graves)

  1. gravel

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (grave)

PortugueseEdit

PronunciationEdit

 

  • Rhymes: (Brazil) -avi, (Portugal) -avɨ
  • Hyphenation: gra‧ve

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Portuguese grave, from Latin gravis (“heavy; grave”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us.

AdjectiveEdit

grave m or f (plural graves, comparable, comparative mais grave, superlative o mais grave or gravíssimo)

  2. serious; grave (having possible severe negative consequences)
    Sofria de uma doença grave.
    He suffered from a serious disease.
    Synonyms: sério, severo
  4. (of sound) low-pitched; grave (low in pitch or tone)
    Antonym: agudo
    O som da tuba é mais grave do que o do trombone.
    The sound of the tuba has a lower pitch than that of the trombone.
    Synonym: baixo
  6. grave; serious; sombre; austere; solemn (characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness)
    O programa tinha um tom grave.
    The program had a serious tone.
    Synonyms: sério, austero, circunspeto, sisudo, solene
  8. (archaic, physics) that falls down; that doesn’t float
    O balão não é um corpo grave.
    Balloons are not a falling body.
Derived termsEdit

NounEdit

grave m or f (plural graves)

  1. (music) a low-pitched note

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

VerbEdit

grave

  1. inflection of gravar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Unadapted borrowing from Italian grave.

AdjectiveEdit

grave

  1. inflection of grav:
    1. genitive/dative feminine singular/plural
    2. nominative/accusative neuter plural

AdverbEdit

grave

  1. grave

SpanishEdit

 
Spanish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia es

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Spanish grave, from Latin gravis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us. Cf. also the attested Old Spanish form grieve, from a Vulgar Latin variant *grevis, which was more common in other Romance-speaking areas[1].

AdjectiveEdit

grave (plural graves, superlative gravísimo)

  1. serious, grave
    Synonym: serio
  2. bass (sound)
    Synonym: bajo
    Antonym: agudo
  3. solemn
  4. (phonetics) paroxytone; stressed in the penultimate syllable
    Synonym: llano
    Coordinate terms: agudo, esdrújulo, sobresdrújulo
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

VerbEdit

grave

  1. inflection of gravar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Further readingEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

AnagramsEdit

SwedishEdit

AdjectiveEdit

grave

  1. absolute definite natural masculine singular of grav.

AnagramsEdit

West FrisianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Frisian grava, from Proto-West Germanic *graban, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

grave

  1. to dig

InflectionEdit

Strong class 6
infinitive grave
3rd singular past groef
past participle groeven
infinitive grave
long infinitive graven
gerund graven n
auxiliary hawwe
indicative present tense past tense
1st singular graaf groef
2nd singular graafst groefst
3rd singular graaft groef
plural grave groeven
imperative graaf
participles gravend groeven

Further readingEdit

  • “grave”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
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