iungo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *jungō, from Proto-Indo-European *yunégti ~ *yungénti, from the root *yewg-.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈi̯un.ɡoː/, [ˈi̯ʊŋɡoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈjun.ɡo/, [ˈjuŋɡo]

Verb

iungō (present infinitive iungere, perfect active iūnxī, supine iūnctum); third conjugation

1. to join, unite, fasten, yoke, harness, attach; esp. of the hand: to clasp, join

   Synonyms: colligo, cōnserō, cōgō, stīpō, glomerō, compellō, consocio, iniungō, coniungo, contraho, congerō, concilio

   Antonyms: solvō, absolvō, persolvō, distrahō, dissolvō, rumpō, sēparō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.141-142:

     [...] Ipse ante aliōs pulcherrimus omnis
     īnfert sē socium Aenēās atque agmina iungit.

     [The Trojan leader] himself, before all others, most handsome — Aeneas comes forward as [Dido’s] companion, and also unites [their combined] ranks.
     (Symbolic of personal, civic and military alliances as Dido and Aeneas, Carthaginians and Trojans, join in regal formation for the hunt.)

2. of a treaty or agreement: to join, unite, make; of marriage: to join, unite
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.126-127:

     “[...] cōnūbiō iungam stabilī propriamque dicābō: / hīc hymenaeus erit.” [...].”

     “I [Juno] will join [Dido and Aeneas] in lasting marriage, and dedicate her as his own [bride]: there [in a cave] will be their wedding.”
     (Note that Aeneid 4.126 is a repeat of line 1.73.)

3. (grammar, passive voice, with dative) to take, govern (a case)
   • 4th century CE, Donatus, Ars Minor :

     In et sub quandō accūsātīvō cāsuī iunguntur? Quandō vel nōs vel quōslibet in locum īre, īsse, itūrōs esse significāmus.

     In and sub, when do they take the accusative case? When we mean to say that we or others have gone, go or will go into a place.

Conjugation

Conjugation of iungō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	iungō	iungis	iungit	iungimus	iungitis	iungunt
	imperfect	iungēbam	iungēbās	iungēbat	iungēbāmus	iungēbātis	iungēbant
	future	iungam	iungēs	iunget	iungēmus	iungētis	iungent
	perfect	iūnxī	iūnxistī	iūnxit	iūnximus	iūnxistis	iūnxērunt, iūnxēre
	pluperfect	iūnxeram	iūnxerās	iūnxerat	iūnxerāmus	iūnxerātis	iūnxerant
	future perfect	iūnxerō	iūnxeris	iūnxerit	iūnxerimus	iūnxeritis	iūnxerint
passive	present	iungor	iungeris, iungere	iungitur	iungimur	iungiminī	iunguntur
	imperfect	iungēbar	iungēbāris, iungēbāre	iungēbātur	iungēbāmur	iungēbāminī	iungēbantur
	future	iungar	iungēris, iungēre	iungētur	iungēmur	iungēminī	iungentur
	perfect	iūnctus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	iūnctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	iūnctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	iungam	iungās	iungat	iungāmus	iungātis	iungant
	imperfect	iungerem	iungerēs	iungeret	iungerēmus	iungerētis	iungerent
	perfect	iūnxerim	iūnxerīs	iūnxerit	iūnxerīmus	iūnxerītis	iūnxerint
	pluperfect	iūnxissem	iūnxissēs	iūnxisset	iūnxissēmus	iūnxissētis	iūnxissent
passive	present	iungar	iungāris, iungāre	iungātur	iungāmur	iungāminī	iungantur
	imperfect	iungerer	iungerēris, iungerēre	iungerētur	iungerēmur	iungerēminī	iungerentur
	perfect	iūnctus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	iūnctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	iunge	—	—	iungite	—
	future	—	iungitō	iungitō	—	iungitōte	iunguntō
passive	present	—	iungere	—	—	iungiminī	—
	future	—	iungitor	iungitor	—	—	iunguntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		iungere	iūnxisse	iūnctūrum esse	iungī	iūnctum esse	iūnctum īrī
participles		iungēns	—	iūnctūrus	—	iūnctus	iungendus, iungundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		iungendī	iungendō	iungendum	iungendō	iūnctum	iūnctū

Derived terms

• abiungō
• adiungō
• coniungō
• dēiungō
• disiungō
• iniungō
• interiungō
• iunctiō
• sēiungō
• subiungō
• superiungō
• trānsiungō

 

Descendants

• Asturian: xuncir, xoncer, xunir, uñir, xuntar
• Catalan: junyir, júnyer
• Old French: joindre, juindre, joint
  • French: joindre, joint, jointer
  • → English: join, joint
• Friulian: zontâ
• Galician: xoncer, xunguir, xuntar
• Italian: giungere, giuntare
• Ladin: jonjer
• Occitan: jónher
• Portuguese: junguir, jungir, juntar
• Spanish: juntar, uncir
• Sicilian: jùnciri
• Venetian: xónxer, xontar

References

• “jungo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iungo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• iungo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to form a friendship with any one: amicitiam cum aliquo jungere, facere, inire, contrahere
    
  • to become a friend and guest of a person: hospitium cum aliquo facere, (con-)iungere
    
  • to shake hands with a person: dextram iungere cum aliquo, dextras inter se iungere
    
  • to build a bridge over a river: flumen ponte iungere
    
  • to join forces with some one: copias (arma) cum aliquo iungere or se cum aliquo iungere
    
  • to make a camp in common: castra coniungere, iungere (B. C. 1. 63)