Latvian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Baltic *yuok-, from Proto-Indo-European *yōk-, the o-grade of *yek- (to speak) (whence also Sanskrit याचति (yā́cati, to ask, to beg) < (“to say solemnly”)). A minority opinion is that joks is a borrowing from Latin iocus, via a Germanic language. The term is attested in 17th-century dictionaries, where smiekli (laugh) is a synonym; these terms became semantically differentiatiated by the mid-19th century, when the meaning of smiekli was broadened. Cognates include Lithuanian juõkas (laugh, laughter; joke, joking; jesting, fun), Latin iocus (joke, jest).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [juōks]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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joks m (1st declension)

  1. joke, jest (words or behavior that amuses, causes laughter)
    asprātīgi, muļķīgi, sekli jokiwitty, stupid, shallow jokes
    stāstīt jokusto tell jokes
    tas tik bija joks!this was such a joke!
    joku stāstshumorous story
    joka pēc, joka dēļjust for fun
    humoram jāieņem liela vieta cilvēka dzīvē... bez joka, bez smiekliem nevar dzīvot!humor must take an important part in human life... without joke(s), without laughs one cannot live!
  2. joke (words or actions not meant to be taken seriously)
    pa jokamjokingly, not seriously (lit. by joke)
    nav (nekāds) joksthis is no joke
    nav joka lietathis is no joke
    bez jokiemno joke (= this is serious)
    nebaidies, tas bija tikai joksdon't be afraid, that was only a joke
    netici viņam, tie bija tikai muļķīgi jokidon't believe him, these were just stupid jokes

Declension

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “joks”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *Hyéh₂-kos (that, who, which). The negative meaning of the Lithuanian term comes from an earlier *nijóks (neither), with the negative prefix (from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nei) being later dropped.[1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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jóks m (feminine jokià)

  1. no

Declension

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Pronoun

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jóks

  1. no

Declension

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “jóks”, in Słownik etymologiczny je̜zyka litewskiego[2] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 235