jwtj

Egyptian edit

Etymology edit

From jwt (negation particle) +‎ -j (nisba ending). The noun jwtj is in turn simply a nominalized use of the adjective jwtj.

Pronunciation edit

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iuːti/
- Conventional anglicization: iuti

Adjective edit

the negative relative adjective — allows a clause to serve as a negated relative clause, usually with an adverbial or verbal predicate [chiefly Old Egyptian]
1. (introducing a direct relative clause, with jwtj serving in place of a subject) which is not, who is not, not being
2. (introducing an indirect relative clause, with a later resumptive pronoun) such that it is not the case that, for which it is not the case that

Usage notes edit

When followed by an indirect relative clause with a pronominal subject, the subject takes the form of a suffix pronoun attached to jwtj. The exceptions to this are clauses with a first-person singular subject, which use the dependent pronoun wj, and sometimes a third-person subject, which can use the dependent pronoun st. Other subjects rarely also appear in dependent-pronoun form.

Analogously to jw, jwtj asserts that the statement in the clause is false at the time of the statement, marking it as modally realis.

Inflection edit

Declension of jwtj (nisba adjective)

	masculine	feminine
singular	jwtj	jwtt
dual	jwtjwj, jwtwj	jwttj
plural	jwtjw, jwtw	jwtwt¹, jwtt²
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms edit

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwtj

jwtw

jwt

Antonyms edit

ntj

Noun edit

m

(introducing a direct relative clause) he who is not, one who is not, that which is not
(introducing an indirect relative clause, with a later resumptive pronoun) he for whom it is not the case that, one for whom it is not the case that, that for which it is not the case that
(without a following relative clause) he who doesn’t exist, one who doesn’t exist, that which doesn’t exist

Usage notes edit

See under the adjective above.

Inflection edit

See under the adjective above.

Alternative forms edit

See under the adjective above.

Antonyms edit

ntj

Derived terms edit

References edit

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 138–139, 173, 242, 378–379, 409, 415.