kullua
Ingrian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Finnic *kuludak. Cognates include Finnish kulua and Estonian kuluda.
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkuluɑ/, [ˈkuɫːo̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkuluɑ/, [ˈkuɫˑuɑ]
- Rhymes: -uloː, -uluɑ
- Hyphenation: kul‧lu‧a
Verb
editkullua
- (intransitive, of money) to get spent
- (intransitive, of time) to go by
- (intransitive, of clothes) to wear out
Conjugation
editConjugation of kullua (type 1/ampua, no gradation, gemination) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kulun | en kulu | 1st singular | oon kulunt, oon kulunut | en oo kulunt, en oo kulunut |
2nd singular | kulut | et kulu | 2nd singular | oot kulunt, oot kulunut | et oo kulunt, et oo kulunut |
3rd singular | kulluu | ei kulu | 3rd singular | ono kulunt, ono kulunut | ei oo kulunt, ei oo kulunut |
1st plural | kulumma | emmä kulu | 1st plural | oomma kuluneet | emmä oo kuluneet |
2nd plural | kulutta | että kulu | 2nd plural | ootta kuluneet | että oo kuluneet |
3rd plural | kulluut1), kuluvat2), kulutaa | evät kulu, ei kuluta | 3rd plural | ovat kuluneet | evät oo kuluneet, ei oo kuluttu |
impersonal | kulutaa | ei kuluta | impersonal | ono kuluttu | ei oo kuluttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kuluin | en kulunt, en kulunut | 1st singular | olin kulunt, olin kulunut | en olt kulunt, en olt kulunut |
2nd singular | kuluit | et kulunt, et kulunut | 2nd singular | olit kulunt, olit kulunut | et olt kulunt, et olt kulunut |
3rd singular | kului | ei kulunt, ei kulunut | 3rd singular | oli kulunt, oli kulunut | ei olt kulunt, ei olt kulunut |
1st plural | kuluimma | emmä kuluneet | 1st plural | olimma kuluneet | emmä olleet kuluneet |
2nd plural | kuluitta | että kuluneet | 2nd plural | olitta kuluneet | että olleet kuluneet |
3rd plural | kulluit1), kuluivat2), kuluttii | evät kuluneet, ei kuluttu | 3rd plural | olivat kuluneet | evät olleet kuluneet, ei olt kuluttu |
impersonal | kuluttii | ei kuluttu | impersonal | oli kuluttu | ei olt kuluttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kuluisin | en kuluis | 1st singular | olisin kulunt, olisin kulunut | en olis kulunt, en olis kulunut |
2nd singular | kuluisit, kulluist1) | et kuluis | 2nd singular | olisit kulunt, olisit kulunut | et olis kulunt, et olis kulunut |
3rd singular | kuluis | ei kuluis | 3rd singular | olis kulunt, olis kulunut | ei olis kulunt, ei olis kulunut |
1st plural | kuluisimma | emmä kuluis | 1st plural | olisimma kuluneet | emmä olis kuluneet |
2nd plural | kuluisitta | että kuluis | 2nd plural | olisitta kuluneet | että olis kuluneet |
3rd plural | kuluisiit1), kuluisivat2), kuluttais | evät kuluis, ei kuluttais | 3rd plural | olisivat kuluneet | evät olis kuluneet, ei olis kuluttu |
impersonal | kuluttais | ei kuluttais | impersonal | olis kuluttu | ei olis kuluttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | kulu | elä kulu | 2nd singular | oo kulunt, oo kulunut | elä oo kulunt, elä oo kulunut |
3rd singular | kulukoo | elköö kuluko | 3rd singular | olkoo kulunt, olkoo kulunut | elköö olko kulunt, elköö olko kulunut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | kulukaa | elkää kuluko | 2nd plural | olkaa kuluneet | elkää olko kuluneet |
3rd plural | kulukoot | elkööt kuluko, elköö kuluttako | 3rd plural | olkoot kuluneet | elkööt olko kuluneet, elköö olko kuluttu |
impersonal | kuluttakkoo | elköö kuluttako | impersonal | olkoo kuluttu | elköö olko kuluttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | kulunen | en kulune | |||
2nd singular | kulunet | et kulune | |||
3rd singular | kulunoo | ei kulune | |||
1st plural | kulunemma | emmä kulune | |||
2nd plural | kulunetta | että kulune | |||
3rd plural | kulunoot | evät kulune, ei kuluttane | |||
impersonal | kuluttannoo | ei kuluttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | kullua | present | kuluva | kuluttava | |
2nd | inessive | kulujees | past | kulunt, kulunut | kuluttu |
instructive | kulluen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kulukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | kulumaa | |||
inessive | kulumaas | ||||
elative | kulumast | ||||
abessive | kulumata | ||||
4th | nominative | kulumiin | |||
partitive | kulumista, kulumist |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkuluɑ/, [ˈkuɫːo̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkuluɑ/, [ˈkuɫˑuɑ]
- Rhymes: -uloː, -uluɑ
- Hyphenation: kul‧lu‧a
Noun
editkullua
Etymology 3
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkuluɑ/, [ˈkuɫːo̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkuluɑ/, [ˈkuɫˑuɑ]
- Rhymes: -uloː, -uluɑ
- Hyphenation: kul‧lu‧a
Noun
editkullua
References
edit- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 217
Votic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *kuludak.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editkullua
- (intransitive) to wear out
- Synonym: kulussõ
- (intransitive) to be consumed or expended, run out
- Synonym: kulussõ
Inflection
editConjugation of kullua (type II-1/kuttsua, no gradation, gemination) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative | |||||
Present | Perfect | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kulun | en kulu | 1st singular | õõn kulunnu | en õõ kulunnu |
2nd singular | kulud | ed kulu | 2nd singular | õõd kulunnu | ed õõ kulunnu |
3rd singular | kulub | eb kulu | 3rd singular | on kulunnu | eb õõ kulunnu |
1st plural | kulummõ | emmä kulu | 1st plural | õõmmõ kulunnu | emmä õõ kulunnu |
2nd plural | kuluttõ | että kulu | 2nd plural | õõttõ kulunnu | että õõ kulunnu |
3rd plural | kuluta | eväd kulu | 3rd plural | õlla kuluttu | eväd õõ kuluttu |
impersonal | kuluta | eväd kulu | impersonal | õlla kuluttu | eväd õõ kuluttu |
Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kuluzin | en kulunnu | 1st singular | õlin kulunnu | — |
2nd singular | kuluzid | ed kulunnu | 2nd singular | õlid kulunnu | — |
3rd singular | kulu | eb kulunnu | 3rd singular | õli kulunnu | — |
1st plural | kuluzimmõ | emmä kulunnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ kulunnu | — |
2nd plural | kuluzittõ | että kulunnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ kulunnu | — |
3rd plural | kulutti | eväd kuluttu | 3rd plural | õlti kuluttu | — |
impersonal | kulutti | eväd kuluttu | impersonal | õlti kuluttu | — |
Conditional | |||||
Present | Perfect | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kuluizin | en kuluizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin kulunnu | en õllõizʹ kulunnu |
2nd singular | kuluizid | ed kuluizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid kulunnu | ed õllõizʹ kulunnu |
3rd singular | kuluizʹ | eb kuluizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ kulunnu | eb õllõizʹ kulunnu |
1st plural | kuluizimmõ | emmä kuluizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ kulunnu | emmä õllõizʹ kulunnu |
2nd plural | kuluizittõ | että kuluizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ kulunnu | että õllõizʹ kulunnu |
3rd plural | kuluttaizʹ | eväd kuluttaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ kuluttu | eväd õltaizʹ kuluttu |
impersonal | kuluttaizʹ | eväd kuluttaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ kuluttu | eväd õltaizʹ kuluttu |
Imperative | |||||
Present | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | — | — | |||
2nd singular | kulu | elä kulu | |||
3rd singular | kulugo | elko kulugo | |||
1st plural | — | — | |||
2nd plural | kuluga | elka kuluga | |||
3rd plural | kulugod | — | |||
impersonal | — | — | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitives | Participles | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | kullua | present | kulujõ1) | — | |
2nd | illative | kuluma | past | kulunnu | kuluttu |
inessive | kulumõz | 1) also used as the agent noun | |||
elative | kulumõssõ | ||||
abessive | kulumõttõ |
References
edit- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “kulua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Categories:
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/uloː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/uloː/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/uluɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/uluɑ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian intransitive verbs
- Ingrian non-lemma forms
- Ingrian noun forms
- Votic terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/uluɑ̯
- Rhymes:Votic/uluɑ̯/2 syllables
- Votic lemmas
- Votic verbs
- Votic intransitive verbs
- Votic kuttsua-type verbs