lauma
See also: Lauma
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *lauma, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
lauma
- group of (land) animals, herd
- laumaeläin ― herd animal
- crowd, mob, flock, horde, rout (large uncontrolled group of people)
- En halua kulkea lauman mukana.
- I don't like to follow the crowd.
- swarm (mass of people or animals in turmoil)
Usage notes edit
This word is used of groups of most land animals. Exceptions include herded reindeer (tokka) and domesticated lamb and goat (katras). A group of flying or water animals is usually called a parvi (when seen three-dimensionally rather than two-dimensionally). Seals are a border case: usually a group of seals is lauma (seen as two-dimensional) but when in water, especially a small group of seals may be called parvi (seen as three-dimensional).
Declension edit
Inflection of lauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | lauma | laumat | ||
genitive | lauman | laumojen | ||
partitive | laumaa | laumoja | ||
illative | laumaan | laumoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | lauma | laumat | ||
accusative | nom. | lauma | laumat | |
gen. | lauman | |||
genitive | lauman | laumojen laumainrare | ||
partitive | laumaa | laumoja | ||
inessive | laumassa | laumoissa | ||
elative | laumasta | laumoista | ||
illative | laumaan | laumoihin | ||
adessive | laumalla | laumoilla | ||
ablative | laumalta | laumoilta | ||
allative | laumalle | laumoille | ||
essive | laumana | laumoina | ||
translative | laumaksi | laumoiksi | ||
abessive | laumatta | laumoitta | ||
instructive | — | laumoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms edit
- (crowd): joukko, väkijoukko
Derived terms edit
compounds
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “lauma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
lauma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative laumaði, supine laumað)
- (transitive) to sneak, slip
Conjugation edit
lauma — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að lauma | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
laumað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
laumandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég lauma | við laumum | present (nútíð) |
ég laumi | við laumum |
þú laumar | þið laumið | þú laumir | þið laumið | ||
hann, hún, það laumar | þeir, þær, þau lauma | hann, hún, það laumi | þeir, þær, þau laumi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég laumaði | við laumuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég laumaði | við laumuðum |
þú laumaðir | þið laumuðuð | þú laumaðir | þið laumuðuð | ||
hann, hún, það laumaði | þeir, þær, þau laumuðu | hann, hún, það laumaði | þeir, þær, þau laumuðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
lauma (þú) | laumið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
laumaðu | laumiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að laumast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
laumast | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
laumandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég laumast | við laumumst | present (nútíð) |
ég laumist | við laumumst |
þú laumast | þið laumist | þú laumist | þið laumist | ||
hann, hún, það laumast | þeir, þær, þau laumast | hann, hún, það laumist | þeir, þær, þau laumist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég laumaðist | við laumuðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég laumaðist | við laumuðumst |
þú laumaðist | þið laumuðust | þú laumaðist | þið laumuðust | ||
hann, hún, það laumaðist | þeir, þær, þau laumuðust | hann, hún, það laumaðist | þeir, þær, þau laumuðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
laumast (þú) | laumist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
laumastu | laumisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
Noun edit
lauma f (genitive singular laumu, no plural)
- a card game in which players simultaneously pass a card to the next person, trying to collect a matching set