msḏj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈmascʼaj/ → /ˈmastʼaj/ → /ˈmastʼə/ → /ˈmastʼə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmascʼaj/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmastʼaj/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmastʼə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmastʼə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛsɛd͡ʒi/
  • Conventional anglicization: mesedji

Verb

 4ae inf.

1. (transitive) to hate, to strongly dislike
2. (transitive) to show a strong aversion to (regardless of one's internal emotions); to shun or scorn
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.3–1.4:

     jr ḥms.k ḥnꜥ ꜥšꜣt msd t mrr.k

     If you sit with a multitude, hate the bread you love.

3. (transitive) to rebuke, to show one’s dissatisfaction with (someone)
4. (transitive) to not want

Inflection

Conjugation of msḏj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: msḏ, geminated stem: msḏḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
msḏ	msḏw, msḏyw, msḏ	msḏt, msḏwt, msḏyt	msḏ	msḏ, msḏy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
msḏ8	ḥr msḏ	m msḏ	r msḏ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	msḏ.n	msḏw, msḏ, msḏy	consecutive	msḏ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	msḏt
perfective3	msḏ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	msḏ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	msḏ, msḏy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	msḏw, msḏ, msḏy	msḏḏ	potentialis1	msḏ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	msḏ, msḏy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	msḏ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	msḏw1, msḏy, msḏ	active + .tj1, .tw2	msḏ	msḏy, msḏ
imperfective	msḏḏ, msḏḏy, msḏḏw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	msḏḏ, msḏḏj6, msḏḏy6	msḏḏ, msḏḏw5
prospective	msḏw1, msḏy, msḏ, msḏtj7	—	msḏwtj1 4, msḏtj4, msḏt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of msḏj  

msḏj	msḏj	msḏj	msḏj	msḏj	msḏj	msḏj	msḏj
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old to Middle Kingdom]	[Old to Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]

Derived terms

• msdw

Descendants

• Demotic: mst
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲥⲧⲉ (maste)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲥϯ (mosti)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲥϯ (masti)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ (moste)

References

• “msḏi̯ (lemma ID 76210)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 154.1–154.9
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 118
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 157.