aut

LadinEdit

EtymologyEdit

AdjectiveEdit

aut m (feminine singular auta, masculine plural auc, feminine plural autes)

high

LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), from *h₂ew. Cognate with autem, Ancient Greek αὖ (aû), αὖτε (aûte), αὐτός (autós), αὐτάρ (autár).

PronunciationEdit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /au̯t/, [au̯t̪]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /au̯t/, [au̯t̪]

ConjunctionEdit

aut

or (exclusive or)
Marcus ludos videbit aut dormiet.
Marcus will watch the games or sleep [but not both].

Aut Caesar, aut nihil.
All or nothing
(literally, “Either Caesar or nothing”)

Aut disce aut discede.
Either learn or go away.
- 405, Jerome and others, Vulgate, Tobiae 3:19:
  et aut ego indigna fui illis aut illi mihi forsitan digni non fuerunt quia forsitan viro alio conservasti me
  And either I was unworthy of them, or they perhaps were not worthy of me: because perhaps thou hast kept me for another man

Usage notesEdit

This word is used in pairs (aut ... aut) to mean "either....or".
Unlike vel, this word implies an exclusive "or"; i.e., one option or the other, but not both.

DescendantsEdit

Aragonese: u
Asturian: o
Catalan: o
Italian: o, od
Ligurian: ò
Occitan: o
Old French: ou
- French: ou
Old Portuguese: ou
- Galician: ou
- Portuguese: ou
Romanian: au
Romansch: u
Spanish: o, u
→ Esperanto: aŭ
→ Ido: od, o

ReferencesEdit

aut in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
aut in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
aut in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
- geographical knowledge: regionum terrestrium aut maritimarum scientia
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

LatvianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ou-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ew-. Cognates include Lithuanian aũti, Proto-Slavic *uti- (“to put on”) (> *jьzuti, *obuti), Hittite [script needed] (unu-, “to adorn, decorate, lay (the table)”), Latin *uō (“to put on”) (> exuō, induō).

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [àwt]

(file)

VerbEdit

aut (tr., 1st conj., pres. aunu, aun, aun / auju, auj, auj, past āvu)

put on footwear (shoes, boots, socks, etc.)
zēns āva kājas ― the boy put on footwear (lit. on his feet)

aut kājas pastalās ― to put on pastalas (simple footwear) (lit. to put one's feet into pastalas)

aut kurpes kājas ― to put on shoes (lit. to put shoes on one's feet)
nosēdos uz akmens un gribēju aut kājas, bet kurpes bija ļoti sabristas — I sat down on a rock and wanted to put shoes on (lit. to put (my) feet (into shoes)), but the shoes were very wet
Žanis āva kājās stulmeņu zābakus ― Žanis put the long boots on (his) feet
(figurative, with kājas) to prepare for a journey (lit. to put on footwear)
un tūliņ ķēniņš aun kājas savu sievu meklēt ― and quickly the king puts on footwear to go looking for his wife

Usage notesEdit

Note that aut can take two complements, the footwear or the subject's feet. Either can be the direct object, in which case the other will be a locative complement (i.e., either "to put shoes on one's feet" or "to put one's feet into shoes").

ConjugationEdit

conjugation of aut

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)	IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
1st pers. sg.	es	aunu, auju	āvu	aušu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	aun, auj	āvi	ausi	aun
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	aun, auj	āva	aus	lai aun, auj
1st pers. pl.	mēs	aunam, aujam	āvām	ausim	ausim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	aunat, aujat	āvāt	ausiet, ausit	auniet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	aun, auj	āva	aus	lai aun, auj

RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	aunot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		aunošs
Past	esot āvis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		audams
Future	aušot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		aunot
Imperative	lai aunot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		aunam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		āvis
Present	autu		Present Passive		aunams
Past	būtu āvis		Past Passive		auts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jāaun		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		aut
Conjunctive 1	esot jāaun		Negative Infinitive		neaut
Conjunctive 2	jāaunot		Verbal noun		aušana

SynonymsEdit

tērpt
vilkt

Derived termsEdit

prefixed verbs:

other derived terms:

auties

Related termsEdit

apavs
aukla

ReferencesEdit

Derksen, Rick (2015) , “auti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 73