aut
Ladin edit
Etymology edit
Adjective edit
aut m (feminine singular auta, masculine plural auc, feminine plural autes)
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *auti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), from *h₂ew. Cognate with autem, Ancient Greek αὖ (aû), αὖτε (aûte), αὐτός (autós), αὐτάρ (autár).
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
aut
- or
- Aut Caesar aut nihil. ― All or nothing. (literally, “Either a Caesar or a nothing.”)
- Aut disce aut discēde. ― Either you learn, or go away.
- 59 BC–AD 17, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 3.16.4:
- nemo tribunos aut plebem timebat
- nobody feared the tribunes or the plebs
- nemo tribunos aut plebem timebat
- otherwise, or else (a consequence of the condition that the previous is false)
- Accipe nummōs nōnāgintā — aut nūllōs![1]
- Take 90 sesterces — or none at all!
- Introduces a correction to the previous words or an afterthought remark.
Usage notes edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “aut”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “aut”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- aut in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
- geographical knowledge: regionum terrestrium aut maritimarum scientia
- twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *áutei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ew-. Cognates include Lithuanian aũti, Proto-Slavic *uti (“to put on”) (> *jьzuti, *obuti), Hittite [script needed] (unu-, “to adorn, decorate, lay (the table)”), Latin *uō (“to put on”) (> exuō, induō).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
aut (tr., 1st conj., pres. aunu, aun, aun / auju, auj, auj, past āvu)
- put on footwear (shoes, boots, socks, etc.)
- zēns āva kājas ― the boy put on footwear (lit. on his feet)
- aut kājas pastalās ― to put on pastalas (simple footwear) (lit. to put one's feet into pastalas)
- aut kurpes kājas ― to put on shoes (lit. to put shoes on one's feet)
- nosēdos uz akmens un gribēju aut kājas, bet kurpes bija ļoti sabristas — I sat down on a rock and wanted to put shoes on (lit. to put (my) feet (into shoes)), but the shoes were very wet
- Žanis āva kājās stulmeņu zābakus ― Žanis put the long boots on (his) feet
- (figuratively, with kājas) to prepare for a journey (lit. to put on footwear)
- un tūliņ ķēniņš aun kājas savu sievu meklēt ― and quickly the king puts on footwear to go looking for his wife
Usage notes edit
Note that aut can take two complements, the footwear or the subject's feet. Either can be the direct object, in which case the other will be a locative complement (i.e., either "to put shoes on one's feet" or "to put one's feet into shoes").
Conjugation edit
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | aunu, auju | āvu | aušu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | aun, auj | āvi | ausi | aun |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | aun, auj | āva | aus | lai aun, auj |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | aunam, aujam | āvām | ausim | ausim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | aunat, aujat | āvāt | ausiet, ausit |
auniet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | aun, auj | āva | aus | lai aun, auj |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | aunot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | aunošs | ||
| Past | esot āvis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | audams | ||
| Future | aušot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | aunot | ||
| Imperative | lai aunot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | aunam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | āvis | |||
| Present | autu | Present Passive | aunams | ||
| Past | būtu āvis | Past Passive | auts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jāaun | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | aut | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jāaun | Negative Infinitive | neaut | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jāaunot | Verbal noun | aušana | ||
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms edit
References edit
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “auti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 73
Middle Welsh edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
aut
Occitan edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Adjective edit
aut m (feminine singular auta, masculine plural auts, feminine plural autas)
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from English out, from Middle English out, oute, from a combination of Old English ūt, from Proto-Germanic *ūt; and Old English ūte, from Proto-Germanic *ūtai, from Proto-Indo-European *úd. Doublet of wy-.
Noun edit
aut m inan
- (sports) touch (the part of a field beyond the touchlines or goal lines)
- (sports) the situation when the ball goes into touch
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
aut
Further reading edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
aut n (plural auturi)
- (soccer) ball out of play
Declension edit
Romansch edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Adjective edit
aut m (feminine singular auta, masculine plural auts, feminine plural autas)
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
aut m (Cyrillic spelling аут)
- (sports) sideline marking the edge of a playing field or court, out of bounds line, touchline
- (sports) area outside the playing field; touch
- (basketball) an instance of a player stepping out of bounds or a ball touching a player while out of bounds
- (sports) a throw that puts the ball into play from the sidelines after it has gone out of bounds; throw-in