pauper
English
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”). Originally a legal term.[1] Doublet of poor.
Pronunciation
edit- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɔː.pə/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈpɔ.pɚ/
- (cot–caught merger) IPA(key): /ˈpɑ.pɚ/
Audio (US): (file) - Homophone: popper (cot–caught merger)
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈpoː.pə/
- Rhymes: -ɔːpə(ɹ)
Noun
editpauper (plural paupers)
- One who is extremely poor.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pauper
- 1991, Art Spiegelman, Maus I: My Father Bleeds History, New York: Pantheon Books, page 132:
- He has hundreds of thousands of dollars in the bank, and he lives like a pauper!
- One living on or eligible for public charity.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editTranslations
edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
editpauper (third-person singular simple present paupers, present participle paupering, simple past and past participle paupered)
- (transitive) To make a pauper of; to drive into poverty.
- 2017, Naomi Rawlings, Love's Christmas Hope:
- “There's no sense in you paupering yourself because you're too stubborn to take my money.”
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “pauper”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Further reading
edit- Pauperism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Poverty threshold on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Measuring poverty on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Dalmatian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Latin pauper.
Adjective
editpauper
Dutch
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editpauper m (plural paupers, diminutive paupertje n)
- (informal, often derogatory) A pauper.
Derived terms
editLatin
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Italic *pawoparos (a thematic adjective, which was switched to the third declension in Latin analogically), from a compound beginning with Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”) (compare English few). The origin of the second element, -per, is less certain, but probably *perh₃- (“to grant, bestow, provide”) (compare Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “to supply, grant, pay”)), therefore the compound meant “providing little”.[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈpau̯.per/, [ˈpäu̯pɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpau̯.per/, [ˈpäːu̯per]
Adjective
editpauper (genitive pauperis, comparative pauperior, superlative pauperrimus); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)
Declension
editThird-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem).
Number | Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
Nominative | pauper | pauperēs | paupera | ||
Genitive | pauperis | pauperum | |||
Dative | pauperī | pauperibus | |||
Accusative | pauperem | pauper | pauperēs | paupera | |
Ablative | paupere | pauperibus | |||
Vocative | pauper | pauperēs | paupera |
- In Late or Vulgar Latin, this third declension adjective seems to have been regularized to first/second declension, like in the attested forms pauperus and paupera
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- Asturian: probe
- Catalan: pobre
- Franco-Provençal: pouv(r)o
- Friulian: puar, pùar
- Istriot: puovari
- Italian: povero
- Lombard: pòor, pòr, pòver, pòvar, poret, poaret
- Occitan: paure
- Old French: povre
- Old Galician-Portuguese: pobre
- Piedmontese: pòver, pòr, povr
- Romansch: pover
- Sardinian: poaru, pobaru, poberu
- Sicilian: pòviru, pòvuru, povru
- Spanish: pobre
- Venetian: pore, poro, poaro, povaro
- Learned borrowings
References
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pauper”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 451: “PIt. *pau(o)-pa/oro-; PIE *peh₂u-(o-)p(o)rh₃-o-”
Further reading
edit- “pauper”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “pauper”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- pauper in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to raise a man from poverty to wealth: aliquem ex paupere divitem facere
- to raise a man from poverty to wealth: aliquem ex paupere divitem facere
Middle English
editNoun
editpauper
- Alternative form of paper
Romanian
editEtymology
editAdjective
editpauper m or n (feminine singular pauperă, masculine plural pauperi, feminine and neuter plural paupere)
Declension
editsingular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
nominative/ accusative |
indefinite | pauper | pauperă | pauperi | paupere | ||
definite | pauperul | paupera | pauperii | pauperele | |||
genitive/ dative |
indefinite | pauper | paupere | pauperi | paupere | ||
definite | pauperului | pauperei | pauperilor | pauperelor |
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂w-
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English learned borrowings from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/ɔːpə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/ɔːpə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- en:People
- en:Poverty
- Dalmatian terms borrowed from Latin
- Dalmatian learned borrowings from Latin
- Dalmatian terms derived from Latin
- Dalmatian lemmas
- Dalmatian adjectives
- Dutch terms borrowed from Latin
- Dutch terms derived from Latin
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Dutch informal terms
- Dutch derogatory terms
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adjectives
- Latin third declension adjectives
- Latin third declension adjectives of one termination
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Romanian terms borrowed from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian adjectives