piper

See also: Piper

English

piper (playing bagpipes)

Etymology 1

From Middle English piper, pipere; equivalent to pipe +‎ -er. Piecewise doublet of fifer.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈpaɪ.pə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpaɪ.pɚ/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈpʌɪ.pɚ/
• Rhymes: -aɪpə(ɹ)

Noun

piper (plural pipers)

1. A musician who plays a pipe.
2. A bagpiper.
   • 2020 May 20, “Railway remembers VE Day with a series of tributes”, in Rail, page 15:

     At Glasgow Central and Edinburgh Waverley, the sounding of train horns was followed by a lone piper playing When the Battle's Over.

3. A baby pigeon.
4. A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a large head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular spines.
5. A sea urchin (Cidaris cidaris) with very long spines, native to the American and European coasts.
6. (slang, obsolete) A broken-winded hack horse.

Synonyms

• (bagpiper): bagpiper
• (baby pigeon): squab, baby pigeon, pigeon chick

Derived terms

• drunk as a piper
• hornpiper
• pay the piper
• Pied Piper
• piper gurnard
• uilleann piper
• who pays the piper calls the tune

 

Related terms

• bagpiper
• hornpiper

Translations

musician who plays a pipe

• Arabic: زَمَّار m (zammār)
• Bulgarian: свира́ч m (sviráč)
• Finnish: huilunsoittaja (fi), säkkipillinsoittaja
• French: joueur de pipeau m, joueuse de pipeau f
• Greek: αυλητής (el) m (avlitís)

  Ancient Greek: αὐλητής m (aulētḗs), αὐλητρίς f (aulētrís)

• Hebrew: חֲלִילָן (he) m (khalilán)
• Hungarian: dudás (hu), sípos (hu)
• Irish: píobaire m
• Italian: pifferaio (it) m
• Ottoman Turkish: دودوكجی (düdükçü)
• Portuguese: flautista (pt) m or f
• Romanian: fluierar (ro) m
• Russian: ду́дочник (ru) m (dúdočnik), волы́нщик (ru) m (volýnščik) (bagpipes), флейти́ст (ru) m (flejtíst) (flautist)
• Scottish Gaelic: pìobair m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: фру̀ла̄ш m

  Roman: frùlāš (sh) m

• Ukrainian: ґа́йдар m (gájdar), дуда́р m (dudár)

bagpiper — see bagpiper

baby pigeon — see squab

Etymology 2

Noun

piper

1. Archaic form of pepper.

Anagrams

• PIREP

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• piperu, chiper

Etymology

From Greek πιπέρι (pipéri), from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi).

Noun

piper m

1. pepper (plant)
2. pepper (spice)

Derived terms

• mpipiredz

See also

• pipercã
• sari

French

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

piper

1. to pipe (a bagpipe)

Conjugation

Conjugation of piper (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	piper
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	pipant /pi.pɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		pipé /pi.pe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	pipe /pip/	pipes /pip/	pipe /pip/	pipons /pi.pɔ̃/	pipez /pi.pe/	pipent /pip/
	imperfect	pipais /pi.pɛ/	pipais /pi.pɛ/	pipait /pi.pɛ/	pipions /pi.pjɔ̃/	pipiez /pi.pje/	pipaient /pi.pɛ/
	past historic2	pipai /pi.pe/	pipas /pi.pa/	pipa /pi.pa/	pipâmes /pi.pam/	pipâtes /pi.pat/	pipèrent /pi.pɛʁ/
	future	piperai /pi.pʁe/	piperas /pi.pʁa/	pipera /pi.pʁa/	piperons /pi.pʁɔ̃/	piperez /pi.pʁe/	piperont /pi.pʁɔ̃/
	conditional	piperais /pi.pʁɛ/	piperais /pi.pʁɛ/	piperait /pi.pʁɛ/	piperions /pi.pə.ʁjɔ̃/	piperiez /pi.pə.ʁje/	piperaient /pi.pʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	pipe /pip/	pipes /pip/	pipe /pip/	pipions /pi.pjɔ̃/	pipiez /pi.pje/	pipent /pip/
	imperfect2	pipasse /pi.pas/	pipasses /pi.pas/	pipât /pi.pa/	pipassions /pi.pa.sjɔ̃/	pipassiez /pi.pa.sje/	pipassent /pi.pas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	pipe /pip/	—	pipons /pi.pɔ̃/	pipez /pi.pe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• ne pas piper mot
• sans piper mot

References

• “piper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Latin

piper (pepper)

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”), via Middle Persian from an Indo-Aryan source, ultimately from Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”), itself of unknown origin (perhaps a Dravidian or other substrate language of the Indian subcontinent). The declension was changed to a rhotic-stem.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.per/, [ˈpɪpɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.per/, [ˈpiːper]

Noun

piper n (genitive piperis); third declension

1. pepper
   • compiled by 5th century CE, Apicius, De Re Coquinaria 4.12:

     ...Et, cum siccaverint, super aspargis piper tritum et inferes. Ad mensam nemo agnoscet quid manducet.

     ...And, when they get dry, sprinkle mashed pepper on them, and serve. At the table, no one will know what they're eating.

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	piper	pipera
Genitive	piperis	piperum
Dative	piperī	piperibus
Accusative	piper	pipera
Ablative	pipere	piperibus
Vocative	piper	pipera

Derived terms

• piperātārius
• piperātōrium
• piperātum
• piperātus
• piperita
• piperō (“bell pepper”)
  • Italian: peperone
  • Emilian: puvron, pevron, pivron
  • Ligurian: pevión, povrón, peverón, peveión
  • Lombard: peveron, pieron, povron
  • Piedmontese: povron, puvron, pevron, pouron
    • → Vivaro-Alpine: povron, puvron (Valadas)
  • Romagnol: pevaron, piviron, povaron
  • Franco-Provençal: pêvron, povrun, peivron, póuron
  • French: poivron
  • Occitan: pebron (also pebròt, peberòt, cf. Catalan pebrot)

Related terms

• piperītis

Descendants

• Dalmatian:
  • pepro
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: pepe
  • Sicilian: pipi

    Calabrian: pipi, pipe

• Padanian:
  • Emilian: péivar, pévar, peuvre
  • Friulian: pevar
  • Ladin: peiver
  • Ligurian: pèivie, pèivre, pèive, pêve
  • Lombard: pever, pévar, péer, pìer, per, péivar

    Alpine: péuro

    Ossolano: péuro, pòvar

  • Piedmontese: péiver, paivre, péure, paire, pèvre, pèive, pèivre, pòiver
  • Romagnol: pévre, pévar, péivar, puéivar
  • Romansch: paiver, peiver, pever
  • Venetian: pévaro, pévar, pévare
  • → Italian: pevere
  • → Mòcheno: pever
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: pêvro, pèivro
  • Old French: poivre, peivre, peivere
    • French: poivre
    • Norman: paîvre, pêvre (Jersey) (Guernsey), pevr (Sark)
    • Walloon: poevrî
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Aragonese: pebre
  • Catalan: pebre
    • → Galician: prebe (“sauce, pepper”)
    • → Spanish: pebre
  • Occitan: pebre

    Gascon: péber, púber

    Vivaro-Alpine: peure

    Valadas: pióre, piòure

• Insular Romance
  • Sardinian: pibere, pibiri, pipere
• → Basque: piperra
• → Proto-West Germanic: *pipar (see there for further descendants)
• → Middle Irish: pipur (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Slavic: *pьpьrь (see there for further descendants)
• → Translingual: Piper
• → Welsh: pupur

References

• “piper”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “piper”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• piper in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “piper”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “piper”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English pīpere; equivalent to pipe +‎ -er; compare Old Norse pípari and Old High German pfīfari.

Alternative forms

• pipare, pipere, pyper, pypere, pypare

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpiːpər(ə)/

Noun

piper (plural pipers)

1. A piper; one who plays a pipe.

Descendants

• English: piper
• Scots: piper
• Yola: peepeare, pipere

References

• “peper, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2022-01-04.

Etymology 2

Noun

piper

1. Alternative form of peper

Norman

Verb

piper

1. (Jersey, onomatopoeia) to peep

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

piper m or f

1. indefinite plural of pipe

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• pipur, pipor (old spelling or dialectal)
• pipo (dialectal)

Noun

piper f

1. indefinite plural of pipe

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpi.per/

Noun

piper m

1. Alternative form of pipor

Romanian

piper

Etymology

Borrowed from Bulgarian пипе́р (pipér), from Proto-Slavic *pьpьrь, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi), from Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

piper m (plural piperi)

1. pepper (plant)
2. pepper (spice)

Declension

Declension of piper

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) piper	piperul	(niște) piperi	piperii
genitive/dative	(unui) piper	piperului	(unor) piperi	piperilor
vocative	piperule		piperilor

See also

• sare

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpiːpɛr/

Verb

piper

1. present indicative of pipa

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian piper, from Proto-West Germanic *pipar.

Noun

piper c (plural pipers, diminutive piperke)

1. pepper (spice)

Further reading

• “piper”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011