retenir
See also: reteñir
Catalan edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Catalan retenir, from Latin retinēre, with normal change of conjugation to -ir.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
retenir (first-person singular present retinc, first-person singular preterite retinguí, past participle retingut); root stress: (Central, Valencian, Balearic) /e/
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of retenir (third conjugation, without -eix-, irregular, with velar infix)
Related terms edit
References edit
- “retenir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French retenir, from Old French retenir, from Vulgar Latin *retenīre, from Latin retinēre, from re- + teneō (“to hold”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
retenir
- (transitive) to retain, hold
- (transitive) to hold back, rein in
- (transitive) to keep, detain, hold up
- (transitive) to remember
- (transitive, intransitive) to accept (que that)
- (transitive, law) to uphold
- (reflexive) to restrain oneself, hold back
- Je n’ai pas pu me retenir, je n’ai pas pu m’en empêcher. ― I couldn't help myself.
Conjugation edit
This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose the past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start in one of these thematic vowels (-a-, -i-, -u-).
Conjugation of retenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | retenir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | retenant /ʁə.t(ə).nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | retenu /ʁə.t(ə).ny/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | retiens /ʁə.tjɛ̃/ |
retiens /ʁə.tjɛ̃/ |
retient /ʁə.tjɛ̃/ |
retenons /ʁə.t(ə).nɔ̃/ |
retenez /ʁə.t(ə).ne/ |
retiennent /ʁə.tjɛn/ |
| imperfect | retenais /ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/ |
retenais /ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/ |
retenait /ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/ |
retenions /ʁə.tə.njɔ̃/ |
reteniez /ʁə.tə.nje/ |
retenaient /ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | retins /ʁə.tɛ̃/ |
retins /ʁə.tɛ̃/ |
retint /ʁə.tɛ̃/ |
retînmes /ʁə.tɛ̃m/ |
retîntes /ʁə.tɛ̃t/ |
retinrent /ʁə.tɛ̃ʁ/ | |
| future | retiendrai /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
retiendras /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
retiendra /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
retiendrons /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
retiendrez /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
retiendront /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | retiendrais /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
retiendrais /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
retiendrait /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
retiendrions /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
retiendriez /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
retiendraient /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | retienne /ʁə.tjɛn/ |
retiennes /ʁə.tjɛn/ |
retienne /ʁə.tjɛn/ |
retenions /ʁə.tə.njɔ̃/ |
reteniez /ʁə.tə.nje/ |
retiennent /ʁə.tjɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | retinsse /ʁə.tɛ̃s/ |
retinsses /ʁə.tɛ̃s/ |
retînt /ʁə.tɛ̃/ |
retinssions /ʁə.tɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
retinssiez /ʁə.tɛ̃.sje/ |
retinssent /ʁə.tɛ̃s/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | retiens /ʁə.tjɛ̃/ |
— | retenons /ʁə.t(ə).nɔ̃/ |
retenez /ʁə.t(ə).ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “retenir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French retenir.
Verb edit
retenir
- to keep; to retain
- 1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 67:
- ceulx qui venoient en la dance estoient retenus
- those who came into the dance where retained
Descendants edit
Old French edit
Etymology edit
From Vulgar Latin *retenīre, from Latin retinēre, present active infinitive of retineō.
Verb edit
retenir
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem retien distinct from the unstressed stem reten, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of retenir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | retenir | avoir retenu | |||||
| gerund | en retenant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | retenant | ||||||
| past participle | retenu | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | retieng, retien | retiens | retient | retenons | retenez | retienent |
| imperfect | retenoie, reteneie | retenoies, reteneies | retenoit, reteneit | reteniiens, reteniens | reteniiez, reteniez | retenoient, reteneient | |
| preterite | retin | retenis | retint | retenimes | retenistes | retindrent, retinrent | |
| future | retendrai | retendras | retendra | retendrons | retendroiz, retendreiz, retendrez | retendront | |
| conditional | retendroie, retendreie | retendroies, retendreies | retendroit, retendreit | retendriiens, retendriens | retendriiez, retendriez | retendroient, retendreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | retiegne | retiegnes | retiegne | retiegniens, retiegnons | retiegniez | retiegnent |
| imperfect | retenisse | retenisses | retenist | retenissons, retenissiens | retenissoiz, retenissez, retenissiez | retenissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | retien | — | retenons | retenez | — | ||