saillir

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa.jiʁ/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French saillir, from Old French saillir, salir, from Latin salīre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sl̥-ye-.

Verb

saillir

1. (archaic, chiefly of a liquid) to spurt
2. (archaic) to sire (to procreate)

Conjugation

This verb is part of a small group of verbs in -ir that conjugate in the indicative imperfect and present, the subjunctive present, and the present participle, as if they ended in -er. They are sometimes written with an 'e' in the future and imperfect, like cueillir and other verbs in -llir. This verb is conjugated only in the third person.

Conjugation of saillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	saillir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	saillant /sa.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		sailli /sa.ji/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	saille /saj/	—	—	saillent /saj/
	imperfect	—	—	saillait /sa.jɛ/	—	—	saillaient /sa.jɛ/
	past historic2	—	—	saillit /sa.ji/	—	—	saillirent /sa.jiʁ/
	future	—	—	saillira or saillera /sa.ji.ʁa/ or /saj.ʁa/	—	—	sailliront or sailleront /sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ or /saj.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	—	—	saillirait or saillerait /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /saj.ʁɛ/	—	—	sailliraient or sailleraient /sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /saj.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	saille /saj/	—	—	saillent /saj/
	imperfect2	—	—	saillît /sa.ji/	—	—	saillissent /sa.jis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	—	—	—	—	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Etymology 2

Verb

saillir

1. to stick out, bulge out, jut out

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of saillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	saillir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	saillissant /sa.ji.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		sailli /sa.ji/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	saillis /sa.ji/	saillis /sa.ji/	saillit /sa.ji/	saillissons /sa.ji.sɔ̃/	saillissez /sa.ji.se/	saillissent /sa.jis/
	imperfect	saillissais /sa.ji.sɛ/	saillissais /sa.ji.sɛ/	saillissait /sa.ji.sɛ/	saillissions /sa.ji.sjɔ̃/	saillissiez /sa.ji.sje/	saillissaient /sa.ji.sɛ/
	past historic2	saillis /sa.ji/	saillis /sa.ji/	saillit /sa.ji/	saillîmes /sa.jim/	saillîtes /sa.jit/	saillirent /sa.jiʁ/
	future	saillirai /sa.ji.ʁe/	sailliras /sa.ji.ʁa/	saillira /sa.ji.ʁa/	saillirons /sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/	saillirez /sa.ji.ʁe/	sailliront /sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	saillirais /sa.ji.ʁɛ/	saillirais /sa.ji.ʁɛ/	saillirait /sa.ji.ʁɛ/	saillirions /sa.ji.ʁjɔ̃/	sailliriez /sa.ji.ʁje/	sailliraient /sa.ji.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	saillisse /sa.jis/	saillisses /sa.jis/	saillisse /sa.jis/	saillissions /sa.ji.sjɔ̃/	saillissiez /sa.ji.sje/	saillissent /sa.jis/
	imperfect2	saillisse /sa.jis/	saillisses /sa.jis/	saillît /sa.ji/	saillissions /sa.ji.sjɔ̃/	saillissiez /sa.ji.sje/	saillissent /sa.jis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	saillis /sa.ji/	—	saillissons /sa.ji.sɔ̃/	saillissez /sa.ji.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “saillir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French salir, from Latin salīre, present active infinitive of saliō.

Verb

saillir

1. to jump
2. (figuratively) to fly through the air, to get knocked into the air
   • 1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 15:

     faisant saillir le sang des chairs

     making the blood fly through the air out of their flesh

Derived terms

• assaillir

Descendants

• French: saillir

Old French

Verb

saillir

1. alternative infinitive of salir.

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of saillir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		saillir			avoir sali, sailli
gerund		en salant, saillant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		salant, saillant
past participle		sali, sailli
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	sail	saus	saut	salons, saillons	salez, sailliez	salent, saillent
	imperfect	saloie, saleie, sailloie, sailleie	saloies, saleies, sailloies, sailleies	saloit, saleit, sailloit, sailleit	saliiens, saliens, sailliiens, sailliens	saliiez, saliez, sailliiez, sailliez	saloient, saleient, sailloient, sailleient
	preterite	sali, sailli	salis, saillis	sali, sailli	salimes, saillimes	salistes, saillistes	salirent, saillirent
	future	saudrai	saudras	saudra	saudrons	saudroiz, saudreiz, saudrez	saudront
	conditional	saudroie, saudreie	saudroies, saudreies	saudroit, saudreit	saudriiens, saudriens	saudriiez, saudriez	saudroient, saudreient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	saille	sailles	saille	sailliens, saillons	sailliez	saillent
	imperfect	saillise	saillises	saillit	saillisons, saillisiens	saillisoiz, saillisez, saillisiez	saillisent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	sail	—	salons, saillons	salez, sailliez	—

Derived terms

• assaillir
• tressaillir

Descendants

• French: saillir