svabads
Latvian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Old East Slavic свободь (svobodĭ) (compare Russian свобо́да (svobóda, “freedom”)), first mentioned in 16th-century texts.
A minority opinion is that it might actually be a native Baltic word, perhaps from the same source as the verb atsvabināt (“to free, to release”)[1] and thus from the same Proto-Balto-Slavic form as the Slavic counterpart, i.e. *swabadas.
Adjective
editsvabads (definite svabadais, comparative svabadāks, superlative vissvabadākais, adverb svabadi)
- (dated, now usually brīvs) free (not in (political, economical, juridical, social) dependence)
- mūsu vectēvs stāstīja, ka vecvecos laikos mūsu tauta, zemnieki, bijusi svabada ― our grandfather told us that in the olden days our people, farmers, were free
- (dated, now usually brīvs) free (not constrained by obligations, duties, worries)
- pēc kartupeļiem visu vakaru esmu atkal svabads ― after (peeling) the potatoes I will be again free all evening
- (dated, now usually brīvs) free (not prohibited or limited, happening without hindrance, comfortable)
- svabada rīcība ― free action
- pasažieru vairums bija kāda būvbrigāde, kura izkāpa Ugālē, un autobusā kļuva pavisam svabadi ― most of the passengers were (part of) a builders' brigade which got off at Ugāle, and the bus became completely free
- (dated, now usually brīvs) free, open, natural, not artificial
- viegli un svabadi Daugavas viļņi ― the light and free waves of the Daugava (river)
- (dated, now usually brīvs) free (not taken, not occupied)
- viņi nosēdās uz vēl svabadā sola pašā priekšā ― they sat on a still free bench at the front
- svabads laiks ― free time
- (dated, now usually brīvs) free, loose, untied
- aizeju pie zirga un palaižu viņa glavas pavadu svabadāk ― I go to the horse and let his head freer (from the reins)
- (dated) tired, weak, without strength
Declension
editindefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of svabads
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
nominative (nominatīvs) | svabads | svabadi | svabada | svabadas | |||||
accusative (akuzatīvs) | svabadu | svabadus | svabadu | svabadas | |||||
genitive (ģenitīvs) | svabada | svabadu | svabadas | svabadu | |||||
dative (datīvs) | svabadam | svabadiem | svabadai | svabadām | |||||
instrumental (instrumentālis) | svabadu | svabadiem | svabadu | svabadām | |||||
locative (lokatīvs) | svabadā | svabados | svabadā | svabadās | |||||
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “svabads”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN