trilemma
See also: Trilemma
English edit
Etymology edit
The word is modelled on dilemma, with di- (“prefix meaning ‘two, twice, double’”) replaced by tri- (“prefix meaning ‘three’”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /tɹaɪˈlɛmə/
Audio (Southern England) (file)
- Rhymes: -ɛmə
- Hyphenation: tri‧lem‧ma
Noun edit
trilemma (plural trilemmas)
- A circumstance in which a choice must be made between three options that seem equally undesirable.[1][2]
- 1853 March, “Article I. The Mode of Baptism.”, in The True Baptist, volume I, number 3, Jackson, Miss.: Published by the editor, →OCLC, page 76:
- With all these dilemmas and trilemmas crowding the mind, if one did not know better, one might be tempted to doubt whether any such versions were ever made at all.
- A situation in which a choice must be made among three desirable options, only two of which are possible at the same time.
- 2004 March, Maurice Obstfeld, Jay C. Shambaugh, Alan M. Taylor, “The Trilemma in History: Tradeoffs among Exchange Rates, Monetary Policies, and Capital Mobility”, in Econometrics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley[1], →OCLC, archived from the original on 12 August 2017, page 1:
- At the most general level, policymakers in open economies face a macroeconomic trilemma: 1. to stabilize the exchange rate; 2. to enjoy free international capital mobility; 3. to engage in a monetary policy oriented toward domestic goals. Because only two out of the three objectives can be mutually consistent, policymakers must decide which one to give up.
- 2018 April 18, Stephen Farry, Sorcha Eastwood, “Good Friday Agreement: why it matters in Brexit”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), ukandeu.ac.uk:
- The UK government has forced itself into a trilemma in which it has adopted three positions, only two of which can be achieved at any one time: to avoid a hard border within the island of Ireland; for the UK as whole to leave both the customs union and the single market; and to rule out any special arrangements for Northern Ireland in relation to a customs union and single market.
- (logic) An argument containing three alternatives, jointly exhaustive either under any condition(s) or under all condition(s) consistent with the universe of discourse of that argument, that each imply the same conclusion.
- 1851, [James William Gilbart], Logic for the Million: A Familiar Exposition of the Art of Reasoning, London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, →OCLC, part IV (The Points of Reasoning), section V (Reasoning by Compound Syllogism), subsection III (The Trilemma), page 324:
- It has been remarked as a characteristic of the late Sir Robert Peel, that in introducing his measures to the House of Commons, he often used the trilemma. "Three courses are before us—to go backward, to stand still, to go forward. We cannot go backward; we cannot stand still; we must, then, go forward."
- 1862 July 1, “Art. VII.—(1.) Kirche und Kirchen, Papstthum und Kirchenstaat. Historisch-politische Bertrachtungen von Joh. Jos. Ign. v. Döllinger. Zweiter unveränderter Abdruck. München: 1861. (2.) The Church and the Churches; or, The Papacy and The Temporal Power. An Historical and Political Review. By Dr. Döllinger. Translated by William Bernard MacCabe. London: 1862.”, in The British Quarterly Review, volume XXXVI, number LXXI, London: Jackson, Walford, & Hodder 18, St. Paul's Churchyard and Simpkin, Marshall and Co., Stationers' Hall Court; Edinburgh: W. Oliphant & Co.; Glasgow: J[ames] MacLehose; Dublin: J. Robertson, →OCLC, page 156:
- And in anticipation of it, while he [Johann Joseph Ignaz von Döllinger] declares at one moment that it would be profane to limit Divine Providence to an alternative, he affirms in the next that there can be no harm whatever in shutting it up to a supposed exhaustive trilemma.
Coordinate terms edit
- dilemma (two options)
- tetralemma (four options)
- polylemma
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
circumstance in which a choice must be made between three options
|
(logic) argument containing three alternatives
References edit
- ^ "Trilemma" at Oxford English Dictionary
- ^ "Trilemma" at Merriam-Webster
Further reading edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
trilemma
Declension edit
| Inflection of trilemma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | trilemma | trilemmat | ||
| genitive | trilemman | trilemmojen | ||
| partitive | trilemmaa | trilemmoja | ||
| illative | trilemmaan | trilemmoihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | trilemma | trilemmat | ||
| accusative | nom. | trilemma | trilemmat | |
| gen. | trilemman | |||
| genitive | trilemman | trilemmojen trilemmainrare | ||
| partitive | trilemmaa | trilemmoja | ||
| inessive | trilemmassa | trilemmoissa | ||
| elative | trilemmasta | trilemmoista | ||
| illative | trilemmaan | trilemmoihin | ||
| adessive | trilemmalla | trilemmoilla | ||
| ablative | trilemmalta | trilemmoilta | ||
| allative | trilemmalle | trilemmoille | ||
| essive | trilemmana | trilemmoina | ||
| translative | trilemmaksi | trilemmoiksi | ||
| abessive | trilemmatta | trilemmoitta | ||
| instructive | — | trilemmoin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||