lemma

See also: Lemma

English

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) enPR: lĕm'ə, IPA^(key): /ˈlɛmə/

  • Audio (UK)

    (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛmə
• Hyphenation: lem‧ma

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek λῆμμα (lêmma, “premise, assumption”), from λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).

Noun

lemma (plural lemmas or lemmata)

1. (mathematics) A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition.
2. (linguistics, lexicography) The canonical form of an inflected word; i.e., the form usually found as the headword in a dictionary, such as the nominative singular of a noun, the bare infinitive of a verb, etc.
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:lemma.
3. (psycholinguistics) The theoretical abstract conceptual form of a word, representing a specific meaning, before the creation of a specific phonological form as the sounds of a lexeme, which may find representation in a specific written form as a dictionary or lexicographic word.

Synonyms

• (linguistics, lexicography: canonical form of a word): citation form

Antonyms

• (linguistics, lexicography: canonical form of a word): non-lemma

Derived terms

• lemmatize

Related terms

• dilemma
• lemmatic
• lemmatical
• lemmatically
• sublemma
• tetralemma
• trilemma

 

Translations

mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition

• Armenian: լեմմա (hy) (lemma)
• Bulgarian: лема f (lema)
• Catalan: lema (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 引理 (zh) (yǐnlǐ)

• Czech: lemma (cs) n
• Danish: lemma (da) n, hjælpesætning c
• Dutch: lemma (nl) n
• Esperanto: lemo
• Faroese: hjálparsetningur m
• Finnish: apulause, lemma (fi)
• French: lemme (fr) m
• German: Lemma (de) n, Hilfssatz m
• Greek: λήμμα (el) f (límma)
• Hebrew: למה‎ (he) f (léma), טענת עזר‎ f (te'anát ézer)

• Hungarian: lemma (hu), segédtétel (hu), kiegészítő tétel
• Icelandic: hjálparsetning f
• Italian: lemma (it) n
• Japanese: 補題 (ja) (hodai)
• Korean: 보조정리 (bojojeongni)
• Macedonian: лема f (lema)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: lemma (no) n

  Nynorsk: lemma n

• Polish: lemat m
• Portuguese: lema (pt) m
• Romanian: lemă (ro) f
• Russian: ле́мма (ru) f (lémma)
• Slovak: lema f
• Spanish: lema (es) m
• Swedish: lemma (sv) n

linguistics: canonical form of a term

• Arabic: سُدَّة‎ f (sudda), لِيمَّا‎ (līmmā)
• Catalan: lema (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 詞目 (zh), 词目 (zh) (címù), 字詞 (zh), 字词 (zh) (zìcí), 詞條 (zh), 词条 (zh) (cítiáo)

• Czech: lemma (cs) n
• Danish: lemma (da) n, opslagsord n, stikord n, opslagsform c
• Dutch: lemma (nl) n
• Esperanto: lemo
• Faroese: leitorð n
• Finnish: perusmuoto (fi), lemma (fi)
• French: lemme (fr) m, entrée (fr) f, terme vedette m, mot vedette (fr) m
• German: Lemma (de) n, Stichwort (de) n
• Greek: λήμμα (el) f (límma)
• Hungarian: lemma (hu), szótári szó, lexéma (hu), címszó (hu), lexikai egység
• Icelandic: fletta, flettiorð, uppflettimynd f

• Ido: lemo (io)
• Indonesian: lema (id)
• Italian: lemma (it) n
• Japanese: レンマ (renma)
• Korean: 올림말 (ko) (ollimmal), 표제어 (pyojeeo)
• Latin: lēmma n
• Macedonian: лема f (lema)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: lemma (no) n, oppslagsord n, stikkord n

  Nynorsk: lemma n, oppslagsord n, stikkord n

• Persian: مدخل‎ (fa) (madxal), بن‌واژه‎ (fa) (bonvâže)
• Polish: lemma (pl) f
• Portuguese: lema (pt) m
• Romanian: lemă (ro)
• Russian: ле́мма (ru) f (lémma)
• Slovak: lema f
• Spanish: lema (es) m
• Swedish: lemma (sv) n, uppslagsord (sv) n, grundform (sv) c

linguistics: lexeme — see lexeme

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Lithuanian: ^{(please verify)} pagrindinė forma (lt) f

See also

• basic form
• canonical form
• citation form
• dictionary form
• headword
• infinitive

Etymology 2

From the Ancient Greek λέμμα (lémma), from λέπω (lépō, “I peel”).

Noun

lemma (plural lemmas or lemmata)

1. (botany) The outer shell of a fruit or similar body.
2. (botany) One of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses.

Derived terms

• cytolemma
• karyolemma
• myolemma
• neurilemma
• neurolemma
• oolemma
• plasmalemma
• sarcolemma

 

Translations

botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses

• Faroese: niðara blómuøgn f
• Finnish: ulkohelve
• Korean: 겉겨 (geotgyeo)

• Latin: lēmma n
• Persian: پوشه‎ (fa) (puše), گلوم‎ (gelum), سبوسه‎ (fa) (sabuse)

Further reading

Sister projects

• lemma (psycholinguistics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• lemma (morphology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• lemma (logic) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• lemma (mathematics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• headword on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• lemma (botany) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• melam

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Czech

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek λῆμμᾰ (lêmma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlɛma]
• Hyphenation: le‧m‧ma

Noun

lemma n

1. (mathematics) lemma
2. (linguistics) lemma (the canonical form of an inflected word)

Declension

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	lemma	lemmata
genitive	lemmatu	lemmat
dative	lemmatu	lemmatům
accusative	lemma	lemmata
vocative	lemma	lemmata
locative	lemmatu	lemmatech
instrumental	lemmatem	lemmaty

Related terms

• lemmatický
• lemmatizace
• lemmatizátor
• lemmatizovat
• dilema
• trilema

Further reading

• lemma in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• lemma in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

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Dutch

Etymology

From Latin lemma, from Ancient Greek λῆμμᾰ (lêmma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛ.maː/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: lem‧ma
• Rhymes: -ɛmaː

Noun

lemma n (plural lemma's or lemmata, diminutive lemmaatje n)

1. (mathematics) lemma (proved or accepted proposition used in a proof)
2. (linguistics) lemma (the canonical form of an inflected word, dictionary form)

Derived terms

• hoofdlemma
• sublemma

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Finnish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek λῆμμα (lêmma, “premise, assumption”), from λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlemːɑ/, [ˈle̞mːɑ]
• Rhymes: -emːɑ
• Syllabification: lem‧ma

Noun

lemma

1. (linguistics) lemma
2. (mathematics) lemma

Declension

Inflection of lemma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		lemma	lemmat
genitive		lemman	lemmojen
partitive		lemmaa	lemmoja
illative		lemmaan	lemmoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		lemma	lemmat
accusative	nom.	lemma	lemmat
	gen.	lemman
genitive		lemman	lemmojen lemmainrare
partitive		lemmaa	lemmoja
inessive		lemmassa	lemmoissa
elative		lemmasta	lemmoista
illative		lemmaan	lemmoihin
adessive		lemmalla	lemmoilla
ablative		lemmalta	lemmoilta
allative		lemmalle	lemmoille
essive		lemmana	lemmoina
translative		lemmaksi	lemmoiksi
instructive		—	lemmoin
abessive		lemmatta	lemmoitta
comitative		—	lemmoineen

Possessive forms of lemma (type kala)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	lemmani	lemmamme
2nd person	lemmasi	lemmanne
3rd person	lemmansa

Synonyms

• (linguistics): perusmuoto
• (math): apulause

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Italian

Etymology

From Latin lemma, from Ancient Greek λῆμμᾰ (lêmma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛmːa/
• Hyphenation: lem‧ma

Noun

lemma m (plural lemmi)

1. (mathematics, linguistics, lexicography) lemma
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:lemma.
2. entry (in a dictionary)

Related terms

• lemmatico

References

• Pianigiani, Ottorino (1907) , “lemma”, in Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana (in Italian), Rome: Albrighi & Segati

• “lemma” in Il Sabatini Coletti: Dizionario della Lingua Italiana (© 2011)
• “lèmma¹” in Vocabolario Treccani on line

Anagrams

• melma

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Latin

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek λῆμμᾰ (lêmma).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈleːm.ma/, [ˈɫ̪eːm.ma]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈlem.ma/, [ˈlɛm.ma]

Noun

lēmma n (genitive lēmmatis); third declension

1. (literally) A subject for consideration or explanation, a theme, matter, subject, contents.
   • (Can we find and add a quotation of Pliny the Younger to this entry?)
2. (transferred senses):
   1. the title of an epigram (because it indicates the subject)
   2. the epigram itself
   3. story, tale
   4. the assumption or lemma of a syllogism
      • (Can we find and add a quotation of Aulus Gellius to this entry?)

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	lēmma	lēmmata
Genitive	lēmmatis	lēmmatum
Dative	lēmmatī	lēmmatibus
Accusative	lēmma	lēmmata
Ablative	lēmmate	lēmmatibus
Vocative	lēmma	lēmmata

Derived terms

• nūtrīcis lēmmata

Descendants

• Dutch: lemma
• English: lemma
• French: lemme
• German: Lemma
• Italian: lemma
• Spanish: lema

References

• lemma in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• lemma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, page 898/2
• “lemma” on page 1,015/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

Etymology 2

Probably a scribal error: ni → m.

Noun

lemma f (genitive lemmae); first declension

1. medieval spelling of lemnia [8th C.]

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	lemma	lemmae
Genitive	lemmae	lemmārum
Dative	lemmae	lemmīs
Accusative	lemmam	lemmās
Ablative	lemmā	lemmīs
Vocative	lemma	lemmae

References

• lemma in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• lemma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

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Polish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek λῆμμα (lêmma, “premise, assumption”), from λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛm.ma/

Noun

lemma f

1. (linguistics, lexicography) lemma

Declension

declension of lemma

	singular	plural
nominative	lemma	lemmy
genitive	lemmy	lemm
dative	lemmie	lemmom
accusative	lemmę	lemmy
instrumental	lemmą	lemmami
locative	lemmie	lemmach
vocative	lemmo	lemmy

Further reading

• lemma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Swedish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

lemma n

1. lemma (the canonical form of an inflected word, a headword in a dictionary)
2. (mathematics) lemma (a proposition)

Declension

Declension of lemma
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	lemma	lemmat	lemman	lemmana
Genitive	lemmas	lemmats	lemmans	lemmanas

Synonyms

• uppslagsord

Related terms

• lemmabestånd
• lemmalakun
• lemmalista
• lemmaordbok
• lemmaselektion
• lemmatecken
• lemmatisera
• lemmatiserad
• lemmatisering
• lemmatisk

 

References

• lemma in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)