utan

from without, outside
- "Gospel of Saint John", chapter 10, verse 24
  Ðā bestōdon þā Iudeas hyne ūtan, and cwǣdon tō him, Hū lange gǣlst þū ūre līf? Sege ūs openlīce hwæþer þū Crīst sȳ.
  Then the Jew surrounded him from outside and said to him, how long do you delay our lives. Tell us openly whether you be Christ.
on the outside

Derived terms edit

būtan

Descendants edit

Middle English: outen, oute
- English: outen

Swedish edit

Etymology edit

Probably from Old Norse útan.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈʉːˌtan/
audio (file)

Preposition edit

utan

without
Att inte beakta finansmarknadens djuppsykologiska dimensioner uppfattas mer och mer som att spela Hamlet utan prinsen av Danmark
To not take into account the deep psychological dimensions of the finance market is regarded more and more like playing Hamlet without the prince of Denmark

Conjunction edit

utan

but, but rather
Huset är inte rött utan blått
The house is not red but blue

Usage notes edit

The difference in use between utan and men, which also translates as but, is a matter of whether the content of the "but" clause is considered as something contrary to the content of the preceding clause or considered as something that partly has a similar meaning or function in the context for those involved. "That dog is not black but dark brown" would be translated "Den hunden är inte svart utan mörkbrun" if, for example, the dog was expected or preferred to be black and especially if a dark brown dog means something different than a black one to the persons involved in the linguistic situation - they could be people wanting to buy a black dog and for whom no other colours will do. The same sentence would be translated "Den hunden är inte svart men mörkbrun" if the expectations or preferations of the context is for the colour to be dark (primary relevance) and most likely black (secondary relevance). People preferably wanting a black dog but who have decided that another dark colour could be acceptable as well could use this version of the sentence, since, to them, black dogs and darkish brown dogs both have a positive meaning in this context. To the people for whom only a black dog was acceptable brown dogs had a negative meaning or, at least, lack of positive meaning in the situation described. This usage note, however, does not fully explain the difference between men and utan as translations for but. However, when utan is used there is always a negation in the preceding main clause. If there is no negation there, the normal translation of the English conjunction but is always men.