zīst
See also: zist
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
The traditional approach derives this word from an earlier *žinsti, from Proto-Baltic *žind-ti, from *žind-, from the reduced form *ǵendʰ, *ǵ(e)ndʰ- of Proto-Indo-European *ǵenədʰ- (“jaw, chin”), whence also Latvian zods (“chin”), Lithuanian žándas (“chin, jaw, cheek”). In this case, the original meaning would have been related to “cheek, jaw,” from which “to suckle.” A more recent theory suggests a connection between zīst and Ancient Greek νεογιλλός (neogillós, “newborn; young, new”) (< *neo-gid-los), both presumably from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeid- (“to suckle”). In either case, cognates include Lithuanian žįsti.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
zīst (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present zīžu, zīd, zīž, past zīdu)
- to suck, to suckle (to press a female nipple with one's lips and tongue, so that it produces milk; to drink the milk so produced)
- zīst māti ― to suckle (one's) mother (i.e., to suckle milk from one's mother's breast)
- bērns zīž krūti ― the child suckles the breast
- kaķēns vēl nezīž ― the kitten doesn't suckle yet
- jēri metas zīst ― the lambs rushed to suckle
- trīs mazi ezēni zīda māti, sagulušies rindā kā sivēni ― three little hedgehogs suckled (their) mother, lying in a row like piglets
- to suck, to suckle (to take something into one's mouth and make sucking movements)
- zīst ķepu, pirkstu ― to suck(le) (one's) paw, finger
- bērni visbiežāk zīž pirkstus pirms iemigšanas un pēc pamošanās ― children most often suck (their) fingers before sleep or after waking up
- (colloquial) to smoke (a pipe, a cigarette, etc.) slowly
- pēdējo smēķa galiņu zīzdams, Klucis noskatīja daudz neveiklāko Modri ― sucking the last tip of (his) cigarrette, Klucis looked at the much clumsier Modris
Conjugation edit
conjugation of zīst
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | zīžu | zīdu | zīdīšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | zīd | zīdi | zīdīsi | zīd |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | zīž | zīda | zīdīs | lai zīž |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | zīžam | zīdām | zīdīsim | zīdīsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | zīžat | zīdāt | zīdīsiet, zīdīsit |
zīdiet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | zīž | zīda | zīdīs | lai zīž |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | zīžot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | zīdošs | ||
| Past | esot zīdis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | zīzdams | ||
| Future | zīdīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | zīžot | ||
| Imperative | lai zīžot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | zīžam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | zīdis | |||
| Present | zīstu | Present Passive | zīžams | ||
| Past | būtu zīdis | Past Passive | zīsts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jāzīž | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | zīst | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jāzīž | Negative Infinitive | nezīst | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jāzīžot | Verbal noun | zīšana | ||
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
Related terms edit
Verb edit
zīst
- third-person singular/plural present indicative of zīt
- (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of zīt
- (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of zīt
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “zīst”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN