sūkt

See also: ṣukt

Latvian

Etymology

This word results from the conflation of two independent stems: Proto-Indo-European *sew-, *sū-, *su- (“juice, moisture; to press juice; to suck”) with an extra -k, yielding Proto-Baltic *sūk- > Latvian sūk-; and Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to drain, to dry up, to fall (water)”) with an infix n, yielding a reduced grade *sn̥k- > Proto-Baltic *sunk- > Latvian sūk-. Cognates via the first stem (*sew-k-) include Old High German sūgan, German saugen, Dutch zuigen, Latin sūgere, sūcus (“juice”); cognates via the second stem (*sn̥k-) include Lithuanian suñkti (“to press (juice)”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sùːkt]

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Verb

sūkt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present sūcu, sūc, sūc, past sūcu)

to suck; to absorb, to pump (to cause liquids, gases, etc. to move by rarefying the air inside some instrument, body part (especially the mouth), etc.)
sūkt pienu ― to suck milk

dēles, odi sūc asinis ― leeches, mosquitoes suck blood

bites sūc ziedu sulu ― bees suck flower juice

sūkt dzērienu ar salmiņu ― to suck drink with a straw

sūkt dūmus no cigaretes ― to suck smoke from a cigarette

sūknis sūc ūdens ― the pump sucks, pumps water

audums sūc mitrumu ― the fabric sucks (up), absorbs moisture

augi sūc barības vielas ― plants suck (up) nutricious substances

lūpas apdedzinādams, Valdis sūca karsto kafiju un vēroja vīrus ― burning his lips, Valdis sucked, sipped the hot coffee and watched the men
to sip (to drink with the lips pressed together; to drink slowly)
Vaguļa brālēns sūca vēso limonādi, jo šī augusta diena bija vēl diezgan karsta ― Vagulis' cousin sipped cool lemonade, because that day of August was still rather hot

četri vīri sūca alu un vēroja svešnieku, kas turēja rokā kļavu lapas ― four men were sipping beer and observing the stranger who held maple leaves in (his) hands
to smoke (a pipe, a cigarette, etc.)
Ķimelis mierīgi sūca pīpi un izlikās neklausāmies sievas valodā ― Ķimelis quietly sucked, smoked his pipe not to listen to his wife's language (= what she was saying)

mēs klusējām un, domās iegrimuši, sūcām cigaretes ― we were silent and, absorbed in thought, we sucked, smoked cigarettes

Conjugation

conjugation of sūkt

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)	IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
1st pers. sg.	es	sūcu	sūcu	sūkšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	sūc	sūci	sūksi	sūc
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	sūc	sūca	sūks	lai sūc
1st pers. pl.	mēs	sūcam	sūcām	sūksim	sūksim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	sūcat	sūcāt	sūksiet, sūksit	sūciet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	sūc	sūca	sūks	lai sūc

RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	sūcot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		sūcošs
Past	esot sūcis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		sūkdams
Future	sūkšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		sūcot
Imperative	lai sūcot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		sūcam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		sūcis
Present	sūktu		Present Passive		sūcams
Past	būtu sūcis		Past Passive		sūkts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jāsūc		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		sūkt
Conjunctive 1	esot jāsūc		Negative Infinitive		nesūkt
Conjunctive 2	jāsūcot		Verbal noun		sūkšana

Synonyms

(especially iterative): sūkāt, sūkstīt
(especially mother's milk): zīst

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

other derived terms:

sūcējs, sūcēja

Related terms

sūknis

References

^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “sūkt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[1] Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “sūkt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[1]