sūkt
See also: ṣukt
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
This word results from the conflation of two independent stems: Proto-Indo-European *sew-, *sū-, *su- (“juice, moisture; to press juice; to suck”) with an extra -k, yielding Proto-Baltic *sūk- > Latvian sūk-; and Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to drain, to dry up, to fall (water)”) with an infix n, yielding a reduced grade *sn̥k- > Proto-Baltic *sunk- > Latvian sūk-. Cognates via the first stem (*sew-k-) include Old High German sūgan, German saugen, Dutch zuigen, Latin sūgere, sūcus (“juice”); cognates via the second stem (*sn̥k-) include Lithuanian suñkti (“to press (juice)”).[1]
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sūkt (tr., 1st conj., pres. sūcu, sūc, sūc, past sūcu)
- to suck; to absorb, to pump (to cause liquids, gases, etc. to move by rarefying the air inside some instrument, body part (especially the mouth), etc.)
- sūkt pienu ― to suck milk
- dēles, odi sūc asinis ― leeches, mosquitoes suck blood
- bites sūc ziedu sulu ― bees suck flower juice
- sūkt dzērienu ar salmiņu ― to suck drink with a straw
- sūkt dūmus no cigaretes ― to suck smoke from a cigarette
- sūknis sūc ūdens ― the pump sucks, pumps water
- audums sūc mitrumu ― the fabric sucks (up), absorbs moisture
- augi sūc barības vielas ― plants suck (up) nutricious substances
- lūpas apdedzinādams, Valdis sūca karsto kafiju un vēroja vīrus ― burning his lips, Valdis sucked, sipped the hot coffee and watched the men
- to sip (to drink with the lips pressed together; to drink slowly)
- Vaguļa brālēns sūca vēso limonādi, jo šī augusta diena bija vēl diezgan karsta ― Vagulis' cousin sipped cool lemonade, because that day of August was still rather hot
- četri vīri sūca alu un vēroja svešnieku, kas turēja rokā kļavu lapas ― four men were sipping beer and observing the stranger who held maple leaves in (his) hands
- to smoke (a pipe, a cigarette, etc.)
- Ķimelis mierīgi sūca pīpi un izlikās neklausāmies sievas valodā ― Ķimelis quietly sucked, smoked his pipe not to listen to his wife's language (= what she was saying)
- mēs klusējām un, domās iegrimuši, sūcām cigaretes ― we were silent and, absorbed in thought, we sucked, smoked cigarettes
ConjugationEdit
conjugation of sūkt
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | sūcu | sūcu | sūkšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | sūc | sūci | sūksi | sūc |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | sūc | sūca | sūks | lai sūc |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | sūcam | sūcām | sūksim | sūksim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | sūcat | sūcāt | sūksiet, sūksit |
sūciet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | sūc | sūca | sūks | lai sūc |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | sūcot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | sūcošs | ||
| Past | esot sūcis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | sūkdams | ||
| Future | sūkšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | sūcot | ||
| Imperative | lai sūcot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | sūcam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | sūcis | |||
| Present | sūktu | Present Passive | sūcams | ||
| Past | būtu sūcis | Past Passive | sūkts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jāsūc | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | sūkt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jāsūc | Negative Infinitive | nesūkt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jāsūcot | Verbal noun | sūkšana | ||
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “sūkt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN