تیر

Chagatai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *dẹr (“sweat”).

Noun

تیر (ter)

1. sweat

Descendants

• Uyghur: تەر (ter)
• Uzbek: ter

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭲𐭩𐭠 (ḥtyʾ), [Book Pahlavi needed] (HTYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (tgl), 𐫤𐫏𐫃𐫡 (tygr /⁠tigr, tīr⁠/, “arrow”), from Old Persian [Term?], compare 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼 (t-i-g-r /⁠tigraʰ⁠/, “sharp”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬌 (tiγri, “arrow”), 𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀 (tiγra, “sharp”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [tiːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰiːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰiːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰiːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰiɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰiːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰiɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	tīr
Dari reading?	tīr
Iranian reading?	tir
Tajik reading?	tir

Noun

Dari	تیر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	тир

تیر • (tir) (plural تیرها (tir-hâ))

1. arrow
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 118:

     گفت آری موی ابرو شد کمان
     سوی تو افکند تیری از گمان‏

     guft ārē mōy-i abrū šud kamān
     sōy-i tū afkand tīr-ē az gumān

     “Yes,” said ‘Umar, “the hair of thine eyebrow had become like a bow
     and shot at thee an arrow of opinion.”

2. bullet
3. dart
4. (mechanics, engineering) beam
5. pole

Derived terms

• تیرانداز (tir-andâz)
• تیراندازی (tir-andâzi)

Descendants

• Bengali: তীর (tir)
  • Rohingya: tir
• Dhivehi: ތީރު (tīru)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: तीर (tīr)

  Urdu: تیر (tīr)

• → Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: تیر (tîr)

  Northern Kurdish: tîr

• → Ottoman Turkish: تیر (tir)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਤੀਰ (tīr)

  Shahmukhi script: تیر (tīr)

• → Rajasthani: तीर (tīr)
• Tajik: тир (tir)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “tigr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 83

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tyl /⁠Tīr⁠/, “a god; Mercury; 4th month; 13th day”). Compare Old Armenian Տիր (Tir), տրէ (trē), Iranian borrowings.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [tiːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰiːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰiːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰiːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰiɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰiːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰiɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	tīr
Dari reading?	tīr
Iranian reading?	tir
Tajik reading?	tir

Proper noun

Dari	تیر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	Тир

تیر • (tir)

1. Tir, the fourth month of the solar Persian calendar.
2. Name of the thirteenth day of any month of the solar Persian calendar.
4. (astronomy) Mercury (planet)

   Synonym: عطارد ('otâred)

See also

• (planets of the Solar System) سیاره‌های منظومه شمسی (sayyâre-hâ-ye manzume-ye šamsi); تیر (tir), ناهید (nâhid), زمین (zamin), مریخ (merrix), مشتری (moštari), زحل (zohal), اورانوس (urânus), نپتون (neptun)

References

• Eilers, Wilhelm (1976) Sinn und Herkunft der Planetennamen (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften: Philosophisch-historische Klasse. Sitzungsberichte; 1975.5)‎^[1] (in German), Munich: Verl. der Bayerischen Akad. der Wiss., pages 43–50
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “Tīr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 83

Urdu

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

Noun

تیر • (tīr) m (Hindi spelling तीर)

1. shore
2. bank
3. margin
4. brink
5. edge

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Noun

تیر • (tīr) f (Hindi spelling तीर)

1. Tir, fourth solar month of the Persian calendar
3. (astronomy) Mercury (planet)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Noun

تیر • (tīr) m (Hindi spelling तीर)

1. arrow
2. beam
3. pole

Etymology 4

From Sanskrit तीरित (tīrita), from root तरति (tarati).

Adjective

تیر • (ter) (Hindi spelling तेर)

1. passed
2. spent (time)