Persian

See also: persian

English

Wikibooks

Etymology 1

From Middle English percynne, from Middle French persien, from Italian persiano, from Medieval Latin Persiānus, from Latin Persia, from Ancient Greek Περσίς (Persís), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /⁠Pārsa⁠/, “Persia”) (compare Early Classical Persian پارس (pārs) or modern Iranian Persian فارس (fârs), where the shift p > f. Equivalent to Persia +‎ -ian.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈpɜː.ʒən/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpɝʒən/
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ʒən
• (dated) IPA^(key): /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/

Proper noun

Persian

2. The Persian language, or a family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

   Synonyms: Farsi, Dari (in Afghanistan), Tajik (in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan)

Noun

Persian (plural Persians)

1. (countable) A person from Persia.
2. (countable) A person of Persian descent.
3. (historical) An Iranian.
4. A Persian cat.
5. (Canada, chiefly Northwestern Ontario) A pastry local to the Thunder Bay region in Canada often compared to either a cinnamon bun or a donut topped with pink icing.
6. A sheep of the Blackhead Persian breed.
7. A thin silk fabric, formerly used for linings.
   • 1696, J. F. Merchant?, The merchant's ware-house laid open:

     There is of those Persians several lengths.

8. (architecture) Any of a set of male figures used instead of columns to support an entablature.

Usage notes

• The term "Farsi" has gained currency in English to refer to the Persian language, though often used for all varieties it, it is frequently used to distinguish the variety spoken in Iran from other varieties. Likewise, the terms "Dari" and "Tajik" or "Tajiki" have become common terms to distinguish varieties spoke in Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (Tajiki), though this distinction is sometimes controversial.

Derived terms

• Afghan Persian
• Classical Persian
• Dari-Persian
• Judeo-Persian
• Law of the Medes and Persians
• Tajiki-Persian

Related terms

• perse

Translations

Persian language

• Afrikaans: Persies (af)
• Albanian: gjuhë perse f
• Arabic: الفَارِسِيَّة f (al-fārisiyya), اللُّغَة الفَارِسِيَّة f (al-luḡa l-fārisiyya), فَارِسِيّ m (fārisiyy) (colloquial)
• Aramaic:

  Syriac: ܦܪܣܐܝܬ, ܦܪܣܬ, ܦܖܣܐܝܬ (archaic), ܦܖܣܬ (archaic)

• Armenian: պարսկերեն (hy) (parskeren)
• Azerbaijani: fars dili
• Basque: persiera (eu)
• Belarusian: персі́дская мо́ва f (pjersídskaja móva), персі́дская f (pjersídskaja), фарсі́ m (farsí), пэрсы́дзкая мо́ва f (persýdzkaja móva)
• Breton: perseg m
• Bukhari: Zaboni forsī
• Bulgarian: перси́йски m (persíjski), фарси́ (bg) m (farsí)
• Burmese: ပါရှားဘာသာစကား (pahra:bhasaca.ka:)
• Catalan: persa (ca) m, farsi (ca) m
• Chechen: гӏажарийн (ğažariı̇n), гӏажарийн мотт (ğažariı̇n mott)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波斯語 / 波斯语 (zh) (bōsīyǔ), 法爾西語 / 法尔西语 (fà'ěrxīyǔ), 帕爾西語 / 帕尔西语 (pà'ěrxīyǔ) (historical)

• Czech: perština (cs) f
• Danish: persisk (da)
• Dutch: Perzisch (nl) n
• Esperanto: persa (eo), persa lingvo
• Estonian: pärsia keel
• Faroese: persiskt n
• Finnish: persia (fi), persian kieli, farsi (fi), farsin kieli
• French: persan (fr) m
• Gagauz: pers dili, fars dili
• Galician: persa (gl) m
• Georgian: სპარსული (ka) (sṗarsuli), სპარსული ენა (sṗarsuli ena)
• German: Persisch (de) n
• Greek: περσικά (el) n pl (persiká), φαρσί (el) (farsí)

  Ancient: περσιστί (persistí)

• Greenlandic: persiskisut
• Gujarati: ફારસી (gu) (phārsī)
• Hebrew: פַּרְסִית (he) f (parsít)
• Hindi: फ़ारसी (hi) f (fārsī), पारसी (hi) f (pārsī)
• Hungarian: perzsa (hu), újperzsa, fárszi (hu)
• Icelandic: persneska (is) f
• Irish: Peirsis f, Fairsis f
• Italian: persiano (it) m
• Japanese: ペルシア語 (ja) (ペルシアご, Perushiago)
• Kazakh: парсы тілі (parsy tılı), парсы (parsy)
• Khmer: ភាសាពែរ្ស (phiəsaa pɛɛsɑɑ)
• Korean: 페르시아어 (ko) (pereusia'eo)
• Kumyk: фарс тил (fars til)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: فارسی (ckb) (farsî)

  Northern Kurdish: farisî (ku), zimanê farisî

• Kyrgyz: фарс тили (fars tili), фарси (farsi)
• Lao: ພາສາເປີເຊຍ (phā sā pœ̄ sīa)
• Latvian: persiešu valoda f
• Lithuanian: persų kalba f
• Macedonian: пе́рсиски m (pérsiski), фа́рси m (fársi)
• Malay: bahasa Parsi
• Maltese: Il-Persjan m
• Manchu: ᡦᠠᡵᠰᡳ
  ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (parsi gisun)
• Marathi: फारसी f (phārsī), पर्शियन f (parśiyan)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: перс хэл (pers xel)

• Navajo: Béézhąą bizaad
• Nepali: पर्सियन (parsiyan)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: persisk (no) m, farsi (no) m

  Nynorsk: persisk m, farsi m

• Odia: ପାରସୀ (or) (pārasi), ପାରଶୀ (or) (pāraśi)
• Ossetian: персайнаг ӕвзаг (persajnag ævzag)
• Ottoman Turkish: فارْسی (farsî)
• Pashto: پاړسي ژبه f (pāṛsi žëba), پاړسي (pāṛsi), فارسي (ps) (fārsi), پارسي (ps) (parsi)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: فارْسی (fârsi), پارْسی (pârsi), زَبانِ فارْسی (zabân-e fârsi), زَبانِ پارْسی (zabân-e pârsi)

• Polish: perski (pl) m
• Portuguese: persa (pt) m
• Punjabi: ਫਾਰਸੀ f (phārsī)
• Romanian: persană (ro) f
• Russian: фарси́ (ru) m (farsí), перси́дский (язы́к) m (persídskij (jazýk))
• Sanskrit: पारसी (sa) (pārasī), पारसीक (sa) (pārasīka), पारशीक (sa) (pāraśīka)
• Sarikoli: Porsi ziv, Forsi ziv
• Scots: Persie
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пѐрзӣјскӣ m, пѐрсӣјскӣ m, фа̑рси m

  Roman: pèrzījskī (sh) m, pèrsījskī m, fȃrsi (sh) m

• Shughni: Форси зив (Fōrsi ziv)
• Sicilian: pirsianu (scn)
• Sindhi: فارسِي
• Slovak: perzština f
• Slovene: perzijščina (sl) f
• Spanish: persa (es) m
• Swahili: Kiajemi (sw)
• Swedish: persiska (sv) c, farsi (sv) c
• Tagalog: Persa
• Tajik: забони форсӣ (zabon-i forsi), форсӣ (tg) (forsi)
• Tatar: фарсы теле (farsı tele), фарсы (tt) (farsı)
• Thai: ภาษาเปอร์เซีย (paa-sǎa bpəə-siia)
• Turkish: Farsça (tr), Acemce (tr)
• Turkmen: pars dili
• Ukrainian: перси́дська мо́ва f (persýdsʹka móva), фарсі́ (uk) m (farsí), пе́рська мо́ва f (pérsʹka móva)
• Urdu: فارْسی (ur) f (fārsī), پارْسی f (pārsī)
• Uyghur: پارس تىلى (pars tili)
• Uzbek: fors tili, forsiy (uz)
• Vietnamese: tiếng Ba Tư (vi)
• Yagnobi: Форсӣ зивок (Forsi zivok), Порсӣ зивок (Porsi zivok)
• Yazghulami: порси звег (porsi zveg), форси звег (forsi zveg)

person from Persia

• Arabic: فَارِسِيّ m (fārisiyy), فَارِسِيَّة (ar) f (fārisiyya)
• Aramaic:

  Syriac: ܦܪܣܝܐ, ܥܓܡܝܐ, ܦܖܣܝܐ (archaic)

• Armenian: պարսիկ (hy) (parsik)

  Old Armenian: պարսք pl (parskʻ), պարսիկ (parsik)

• Azerbaijani: fars (az)
• Basque: persiar
• Belarusian: перс m (pjers), персія́нка f (pjersijánka)
• Bulgarian: перси́ец m (persíec), перси́йка f (persíjka)
• Catalan: persa (ca) m or f, persà m, persana f
• Chechen: гӏажари (ğažari), гӏажаро (ğažaro)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波斯人 (zh) (Bōsīrén)

• Czech: Peršan (cs) m, Peršanka (cs) f
• Danish: perser c
• Dutch: Pers (nl) m, Perzische (nl) f
• Esperanto: perso (eo),^{(please verify)} persiano, ^{(please verify)} persianino (female)
• Estonian: pärslane
• Faroese: persi m
• Finnish: persialainen (fi)
• French: Perse (fr) m or f, Persan (fr) m, Persane (fr) f
• Georgian: სპარსელი (sṗarseli), სპარსი (sṗarsi)
• German: Perser (de) m, Perserin (de) f
• Greek: Πέρσης (el) m (Pérsis), Περσίδα (el) f (Persída)

  Ancient: Πέρσης m (Pérsēs), Περσίς f (Persís)

• Gujarati: ફારસી (gu) (phārsī)
• Hebrew: פָּרְסִי (he) m (parsi)
• Hindi: पारसी (hi) m (pārsī)
• Hungarian: perzsa (hu)
• Ido: Persiana (io)
• Italian: persiano (it) m, persiana (it) f
• Japanese: ペルシア人 (ja) (ペルシアじん, perushiajin)
• Kazakh: парсы (parsy)
• Korean: 페르시아인 (pereusiain), 페르시아 사람 (pereusia saram)
• Kumyk: фарс (fars)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: فارس (ckb) (fars)

  Northern Kurdish: please add this translation if you can

• Kyrgyz: перс (pers), фарсы (farsı)
• Latin: Persa (la) m, Persēs m, , Persis (la) f
• Latvian: persietis m, persiete f
• Lithuanian: persas m, persė f
• Macedonian: Персијанец m (Persijanec), Персијанка f (Persijanka)
• Malay: Parsi
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: перс хүн (pers xün)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: perser (no) m

  Nynorsk: persar m

• Occitan: persan (oc)
• Odia: ପାରସୀ (or) (pārasi), ପାରଶୀ (or) (pāraśi)
• Ossetian: please add this translation if you can
• Pashto: پارسیوان m (pârsiwân), فارس (ps) (fārs), پارس (ps) (pārs), پاړس (pāṛs)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: فارْس (fârs), پارْس (pârs)

• Polish: Pers (pl) m, Persjanka f, Persyjka f
• Portuguese: persa (pt) m or f
• Romanian: persan (ro) m, persană (ro) f
• Russian: перс (ru) m (pers), персия́нка (ru) f (persijánka)
• Sanskrit: पारसी (sa) (pārasī), पारसीक (sa) (pārasīka), पारशीक (sa) (pāraśīka)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Персијанац m, Персијанка f, Перзијанац, Перзијанка f

  Roman: Persijanac m, Persijanka f, Perzijanec, Perzijanka f

• Sicilian: pirsianu (scn), pèrsicu (scn)
• Slovak: Peržan m, Peržanka f
• Slovene: Perzijec m, Perzijka f
• Spanish: persa (es) m or f
• Swahili: Mwajemi
• Swedish: perser (sv) c, persiska (sv) c (female)
• Tajik: форс (fors), порс (pors)
• Tatar: фарсы (tt) (farsı)
• Turkish: Fars (tr), Acem (tr)
• Ukrainian: перс m (pers), персія́нка f (persijánka)
• Urdu: پارْسی (pārsī)
• Uyghur: پارس (pars)
• Uzbek: fors (uz)

Persian cat

• Catalan: gat persa m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波斯貓 / 波斯猫 (Bōsīmāo)

• Danish: perser c, angorakat c
• Dutch: pers (nl) m
• Esperanto: persa kato
• Finnish: persialainen (fi)
• German: Perserkatze (de) f, Perser (de) f (short form)
• Hungarian: perzsa macska (hu)
• Italian: gatto persiano, persiano (it)
• Navajo: mósíʼilí
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: perser (no) m

• Persian: گُرْبِهٔ ایرانی (gorbe-ye irâni), گُرْبِهٔ پَشمالو (gorbe-ye pašmâlu)
• Polish: pers (pl) m
• Portuguese: persa (pt) m or f
• Russian: перси́дский кот m (persídskij kot), перс (ru) m (pers)
• Sicilian: pirsianu (scn), gattu pirsianu
• Spanish: gato persa
• Turkish: İran kedisi

pastry local to the Thunder Bay region in Canada

sheep of the Blackhead Persian breed

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: (2) ^{(please verify)} perso
• Gujarati: ^{(please verify)} ફારસી (gu) (phārsī) (1)
• Indonesian: (2) ^{(please verify)} farsi
• Spanish: (2) ^{(please verify)} persa (es) m or f
• Swahili: (2) ^{(please verify)} Kiajemi (sw)
• Turkish: (2) ^{(please verify)} farsça
• Urdu: ^{(please verify)} فارسی (ur) (fârsi)

See also

• Farsi
• Iranian
• Perse
• persophone

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Persian terms
• Appendix:Persian Swadesh list for a Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words in Persian

Adjective

Persian (comparative more Persian, superlative most Persian)

1. Of, from, or pertaining to Persia.
2. Of or pertaining to the Persian people.
3. Of or pertaining to the Persian language.

   Synonym: Farsi

Derived terms

• Colourpoint Persian
• Himalayan Persian
• Persian arch
• Persian berry (Rhamnus saxatilis et al.)
• Persian blue
• Persian cat
• Persian column
• Persian cumin (Carum carvi)
• Persian darnel (Lolium persicum)
• Persian drill
• Persian fire
• Persian flaw
• Persian Gulf
• Persian Gulf oxide
• Persian gum
• Persian insect powder
• Persian lamb
• Persian lilac (Syringa × persica or Melia azedarach)
• Persian onager (Equus hemionus onager)
• Persian orange
• Persian powder
• Persian red
• Persian relapsing fever
• Persian rummy
• Persian violet
• Persian walnut
• Persian Wars
• Persian wheel
• Persian wild ass (Equus hemionus onager)
• Persian zebra (Equus hemionus onager)

Translations

of, from, or pertaining to Persia

• Afrikaans: Persies (af)
• Albanian: persian (sq), pers (sq)
• Arabic: فَارِسِيّ (fārisiyy)
• Armenian: պարսկական (hy) (parskakan)
• Azerbaijani: fars (az)
• Bashkir: фарсы (farsı)
• Belarusian: персі́дскі (pjersídski), пэрсы́дзкі (persýdzki)
• Bengali: পারসীক (parśik), ফার্সি (bn) (pharśi)
• Bulgarian: перси́йски (persíjski)
• Burmese: ပါရှား (pahra:)
• Carpathian Rusyn: пе́рьскый (pérʹskŷj)
• Catalan: persa (ca) m or f, persà m, persana f
• Chechen: гӏажарийн (ğažariı̇n)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波斯的 (zh) (Bōsī de)

• Chuvash: перс (pers)
• Czech: perský (cs)
• Danish: persisk (da)
• Dutch: Perzisch (nl)
• Esperanto: persa (eo)
• Estonian: pärsia
• Faroese: persiskur
• Finnish: persialainen (fi)
• French: persan (fr)
• Georgian: სპარსული (ka) (sṗarsuli)
• German: persisch (de)
• Greek: περσικός (el) m (persikós)

  Ancient: Περσικός (Persikós)

• Hawaiian: Pelekia
• Hebrew: פַּרְסִי (he) (parsi)
• Hindi: फ़ारसी (hi) (fārsī)
• Hungarian: perzsa (hu)
• Italian: persiano (it), persico (it) (today almost only in geographical terms as Golfo Persico)
• Japanese: ペルシアの (ja) (Perushia no)
• Kazakh: парсы (parsy)
• Khmer: ពែរ្ស (pɛɛsɑɑ)
• Korean: 페르시아의 (ko) (pereusia-ui)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: farisî (ku)

• Kyrgyz: фарс (fars)
• Lao: ເປີເຊຍ (pœ̄ sīa)
• Latin: persicus (la)
• Latvian: persiešu
• Lithuanian: persų (lt), persiškas
• Macedonian: персиски (persiski)
• Malay: Parsi
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: перс (pers)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: persisk (no)

• Occitan: persan (oc)
• Odia: ପାରସୀ (or) (pārasi), ପାରଶୀ (or) (pāraśi)
• Old English: Persisċ
• Ossetian: please add this translation if you can
• Pashto: پاړسي (pāṛsi), فارسي (ps) (fārsi), پارسي (ps) (pārsi)
• Persian: فارْسی (fa) (fârsi), پارْسی (fa) (pârsi)
• Polish: perski (pl)
• Portuguese: persa (pt), pérsico (pt), pérseo m
• Romanian: persan (ro)
• Russian: перси́дский (ru) (persídskij)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пѐрзӣјскӣ, пѐрсӣјскӣ

  Roman: pèrzījskī (sh), pèrsījskī

• Slovak: perzský (sk)
• Slovene: perzijski (sl)
• Tajik: форсӣ (tg) (forsi), порсӣ (tg) (porsi)
• Tatar: фарсы (tt) (farsı)
• Thai: เปอร์เซีย (th) (bpəə-siia)
• Turkish: Fars (tr), Pers (tr)
• Turkmen: farsi, fars
• Ukrainian: пе́рський (pérsʹkyj), перси́дський (persýdsʹkyj)
• Urdu: فارْسی (ur) (fārsī)
• Uyghur: پارس (pars)
• Uzbek: forsiy (uz), fors (uz)
• Vietnamese: Ba Tư

of or pertaining to the Persian people

• Afrikaans: Persies (af)
• Armenian: պարսկական (hy) (parskakan)
• Catalan: persa (ca) m or f, persà m, persana f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波斯人的 (zh) (Bōsīrén de)

• Danish: persisk (da)
• Dutch: Perzisch (nl)
• Finnish: persialainen (fi)
• German: persisch (de)
• Greek: περσικός (el) m (persikós)
• Hawaiian: Pelekia
• Hungarian: perzsa (hu)
• Italian: persiano (it)
• Japanese: ペルシア人の (ja) (Perushiajin no)
• Latin: persicus (la) m
• Polish: perski (pl)
• Portuguese: persa (pt), pérsico (pt)
• Russian: перси́дский (ru) (persídskij)

of or pertaining to the Persian language

• Afrikaans: Persies (af)
• Armenian: պարսկերենի (parskereni)
• Catalan: persa (ca) m or f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波斯語的 / 波斯语的 (zh) (Bōsīyǔ de)

• Danish: persisk (da)
• Dutch: Perzisch (nl)
• Finnish: persialainen (fi), persiankielinen
• Georgian: სპარსული (ka) (sṗarsuli)
• German: persisch (de)
• Greek: περσικός (el) m (persikós)
• Hawaiian: Pelekia
• Hungarian: perzsa (hu), újperzsa, fárszi (hu)
• Italian: persiano (it)
• Japanese: ペルシア語の (ja) (ペルシアごの, Perushiago no)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: فارسی (ckb) (farsî)

  Northern Kurdish: farisî (ku)

• Persian: فارْسی (fa) (fârsi), پارْسی (fa) (pârsi)
• Polish: perski (pl) m
• Portuguese: persa (pt), pérsico (pt)
• Russian: перси́дский (ru) (persídskij)
• Urdu: فارْسی (ur) f (fārsī), پارْسی f (pārsī)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Azerbaijani: ^{(please verify)} fars (az)
• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} persa (eo)
• French: ^{(please verify)} persan (fr)
• Norwegian: ^{(please verify)} persisk (no)
• Slovak: ^{(please verify)} perzský (sk)
• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} persa (es)
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} persisk (sv), ^{(please verify)} persiska (sv)
• Tatar: ^{(please verify)} фарси (farsi)
• Turkish: ^{(please verify)} Farslı

Further reading

• English–Persian and Persian–English dictionary
• ISO 639-1 code fa, ISO 639-3 code fas (SIL)
• Ethnologue entry for Persian, fas ⁠, a language family including:

• Ethnologue entry for Western Farsi, pes ⁠
• Ethnologue entry for Dari, prs ⁠

Etymology 2

From Persius +‎ -ian.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɜː(ɹ)si.ən/, /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/
• Homophone: Persean

Adjective

Persian (comparative more Persian, superlative most Persian)

1. Of or pertaining to Persius (Roman writer)
   • 1998, Stephen Hinds, Allusion and Intertext: Dynamics of Appropriation in Roman Poetry:

     ...as it seems from an Ovidian or Persian standpoint and also, perhaps, from the comic standpoints of Plautus or Caecilius...

Anagrams

• arpines, asperin, paniers, prasine, rapines, saprine, separin

Finnish

Noun

Persian

1. genitive singular of Persia

Anagrams

• parisen, parsien, rapisen