三千大千世界

Chinese edit

		three	thousand	Zhang Daqian, a Chinese artist and forger.	world; the World
simp. and trad. (三千大千世界)		三	千	大千	世界

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三千大千世界

Etymology edit

Calque of Sanskrit त्रिसहस्र महासहस्र लोकधातु (trisahasra mahāsahasra lokadhātu).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sānqiān-dàqiān-shìjiè

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄢㄑㄧㄢㄉㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄢㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sānqiān-dàqiān-shìjiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄢㄑㄧㄢㄉㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄢㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sanciandàcianshìhjiè
  - Wade–Giles: san¹-chʻien¹-ta⁴-chʻien¹-shih⁴-chieh⁴
  - Yale: sān-chyān-dà-chyān-shr̀-jyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sanchiandahchianshyhjieh
  - Palladius: саньцяньдацяньшицзе (sanʹcjanʹdacjanʹšicze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: sam|samH tshen dajH|daH tshen syejH keajH

Rime
Character	三	三	千	大	大	世	界
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	心 (16)	清 (14)	定 (7)	定 (7)	書 (26)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	談 (143)	先 (85)	泰 (25)	歌 (94)	祭 (35)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	IV	I	I	III	II
Fanqie	蘇甘切	蘇暫切	蒼先切	徒蓋切	唐佐切	舒制切	古拜切
Baxter	sam	samH	tshen	dajH	daH	syejH	keajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑm/	/sɑm^H/	/t͡sʰen/	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/ɕiᴇi^H/	/kˠɛi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑm/	/sɑm^H/	/t͡sʰen/	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/ɕiɛi^H/	/kᵚæi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑm/	/sɑm^H/	/t͡sʰɛn/	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/ɕjæi^H/	/kɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sam/	/sam^H/	/t͡sʰɛn/	/daj^H/	/da^H/	/ɕiaj^H/	/kəɨj^H/
Li Rong	/sɑm/	/sɑm^H/	/t͡sʰen/	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/ɕiɛi^H/	/kɛi^H/
Wang Li	/sɑm/	/sɑm^H/	/t͡sʰien/	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/ɕĭɛi^H/	/kɐi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/sɑm/	/sɑm^H/	/t͡sʰien/	/dʱɑi^H/	/dʱɑ^H/	/ɕi̯ɛi^H/	/kăi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sān	sàn	qiān	dài	duò	shì	jiè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam¹	saam³	cin¹	daai⁶	do⁶	sai³	gaai³

Noun edit

三千大千世界

(Buddhism) a trichiliocosm (a universe containing a billion worlds).
Synonyms: 大千世界 (dàqiānshìjiè), 三千世界 (sānqiān shìjiè)
- 譬如三千大千世界所有地種。假使有人磨以為墨。過於東方千國土乃下一點。大如微塵。又過千國土復下一點。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  譬如三千大千世界所有地种。假使有人磨以为墨。过于东方千国土乃下一点。大如微尘。又过千国土复下一点。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 妙法蓮華經
  Pìrú sānqiāndàqiānshìjiè suǒyǒu dì zhǒng. Jiǎshǐ yǒu rén mó yǐ wèi mò. Guòyú dōngfāng qiān guótǔ nǎi xià yīdiǎn. Dà rú wēichén. Yòu guò qiān guótǔ fù xià yīdiǎn. [Pinyin]
  Suppose someone were to grind all the earth in the trichiliocosm into ink powder and then suppose he passed through a thousand lands to the east and then dropped a particle the size of a mote of dust, and then passing through another thousand lands deposited another mote.

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (三千大千世界):

→ Japanese: 三千(さんぜん)大千(だいせん)世界(せかい) (sanzendaisensekai)
→ Korean: 삼천대천세계(三千大千世界) (samcheondaecheonsegye)
→ Vietnamese: tam thiên đại thiên thế giới (三千大千世界)

See also edit

小千世界 (xiǎo qiān shìjiè)
中千世界 (zhōng qiān shìjiè)
三千世界 (sānqiān shìjiè)

Further reading edit

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “三千大千世界” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

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