Wiktionary

丹

See also: 丼 and 开
丹 U+4E39, 丹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E39
← 丸
[U+4E38] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 为 →
[U+4E3A]
丹 U+F95E, 丹
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F95E
← 諾
[U+F95D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 寧 →
[U+F95F]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

丹 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月卜 (BY), four-corner 77440, composition ⿻⺆亠 or ⿻⺆⿱丶一)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 99
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 44, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E39

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 丹
alternative forms
 
𠂁
𠁿
𠕑
𢒈
㣋
𠂁
𠁿
𠕑
𢒈
㣋
㐤

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 丹
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Oracle bone script
 

j12547

 

j12548

 

j12549

Bronze inscriptions
 

b07719

Small seal script
 

s03655

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L06505

 

L06506

 

L06507

 

L06508

 

L06509

 

L06510

 

L06511

 

L06512

 

L06513

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丹 *taːn
旃 *tjan
栴 *tjan

Etymology 1 edit

Schuessler (2007) suggests a Kam-Tai origin, comparing it to Proto-Kam-Sui *h-lanꟲ (“red”). 矸, as in 丹矸, may be a variant; see there for more.

Alternatively, it may be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)a-n ~ *tsa-n (“red”), whence Burmese တာ (ta, “very red”) (Matisoff, 2003; Hill, 2014); however, STEDT currently does not compare this to 丹.

Possibly related to 旃 (OC *tjan, “a plain red flag”), as well as 袒 (OC *daːnʔ, “to bare; to strip oneself naked to the waist”), as skin color is often associated with "red". See these entries for more.

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • dang1 - literary;
  • duan1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 牡丹).
Rime
Character 丹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都寒切
Baxter tan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tan/
Li
Rong 		/tɑn/
Wang
Li 		/tɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		daan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁan/
English cinnabar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丹
Reading # 1/1
No. 1980
Phonetic
component 		丹
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		單
Old
Chinese 		/*taːn/

Definitions edit

丹

  1. cinnabar
  2. red
  3. refined medical substance
  4. a surname
Synonyms edit
  • (red): See 紅／红
  • (cinnabar):

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

丹

  1. (Catholicism) Dan
Synonyms edit
Terms for Dan in different branches of Christianity
Branch Words
Protestant 但
Roman Catholic 丹

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

丹

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. cinnabar
  2. red
  3. elixir made with cinnabar (e.g. Chinese elixir of life)
  4. improvised medicine
  5. devotion
  6. Short for 丹波国 (Tanba-koku, “Tanba Province”)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
丹
に
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ni⟩.

Cognate with 土 (ni, “earth, ground”).[1][2]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

丹(に) • (ni) 

  1. the color red
    Synonyms: 赤色 (akairo), 丹色 (niiro)
  2. red earth
Derived terms edit
Derived terms

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
丹
たん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tan).

Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

丹(たん) • (tan) 

  1. cinnabar
    Synonym: 辰砂 (shinsha)
  2. a yellowish-red pigment made from lead oxide, used, for example, in nihonga
  3. medicine, especially one for inducing immortality
    Synonym: 薬 (yaku)
  4. a yellow-red color, as of cinnabar
Derived terms edit

Proper noun edit

丹(たん) • (Tan) 

  1. a surname

References edit

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tan).

Hanja edit

丹 (eumhun 붉을 단 (bulgeul dan))

  1. Hanja form? of 단 (“red”).

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

Hanja edit

丹 (eumhun 정성스러울 란 (jeongseongseureoul ran), South Korea 정성스러울 난 (jeongseongseureoul nan))

  1. Hanja form? of 란 (“devotion”).

Compounds edit

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
  • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丹

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

丹: Hán Việt readings: đan (都(đô)艱(gian)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], đơn[5][4]
丹: Nôm readings: đơn[2][6][5][4][7], đan[1][2][3][6]

  1. chữ Hán form of đan/đơn (“cinnabar”).
  2. chữ Hán form of đan/đơn (“red color”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Génibrel (1898).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hồ (1976).
  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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