Wiktionary

保

See also: 俣
保 U+4FDD, 保
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FDD
← 俜
[U+4FDC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 俞 →
[U+4FDE]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

保 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人口木 (ORD), four-corner 26294, composition ⿰亻呆)

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 702
  • Dae Jaweon: page 222, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 160, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4FDD

Chinese edit

trad. 保
simp. # 保
alternative forms
 
𠈃
𠊻
𠌀
𠍂
𰠀
𠈃
𠊻
𠌀
𠍂
𰠀
㙅
𤞥
𠦀
𠫡
𡥀
𣎼
𤔍
葆
 
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 保
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
       
Oracle bone script
 

j18772

 

j18773

 

j18774

 

j18775

 

j18776

 

j18777

 

j18778

 

j18779

 

j18780

 

j18781

 

j18782

 

j18783

 

j18784

 

j18785

 

j18786

 

j18787

 

j18788

 

j18789

 

j18790

 

j18791

 

j18792

 

j18793

 

j18794

 

j18795

Bronze inscriptions
 

b12171

 

b12172

 

b12173

 

b12174

 

b12175

 

b12176

 

b12177

 

b12178

 

b12179

 

b12180

 

b12181

 

b12182

 

b12183

 

b12184

 

b12185

 

b12186

 

b12187

 

b12188

 

b12189

 

b12191

 

b12192

 

b12193

 

b12194

 

b12195

 

b12196

 

b12197

 

b12198

 

b12199

 

b12200

 

b12201

 

b12202

 

b12203

 

b12204

 

b12205

 

b12206

 

b12207

 

b12208

 

b12209

 

b12210

 

b12211

 

b12212

 

b12213

 

b12214

 

b12215

 

b12216

 

b12217

 

b12218

 

b12219

 

b12220

 

b12221

 

b12222

 

b12223

 

b12224

 

b12225

 

b12226

 

b12227

 

b12228

 

b12229

 

b12230

 

b12231

 

b12232

 

b12233

 

b12234

 

b12235

 

b12236

 

b12237

 

b12238

 

b12239

 

b12240

 

b12241

Small seal script
 

s05653

 

s05654

 

s05655

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L34905

 

L34906

 

L34907

 

L34908

 

L34909

 

L16820

 

L16821

 

L16822

 

L16823

 

L16824

 

L16825

 

L16826

 

L16827

 

L16828

 

L16829

 

L16830

 

L16831

 

L16832

 

L16833

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (保) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
襃 *puː, *puː
保 *puːʔ
堡 *puːʔ
褓 *puːʔ
堢 *puːʔ
緥 *puːʔ
葆 *puːʔ
賲 *puːʔ
宲 *puːʔ
椺 *ɦmluːʔ, *ɢʷeːɡs, *ɢeːɡ

In the oracle script, this character was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person”) + 子 (“child”) – a person carrying a child on his back; to carry (a child) > to protect.

In early bronze inscriptions, 爪 (“hand”) was added to the person to emphasize that the person was carrying the child. This was later simplified into one or two strokes. The current form has two.

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • pó͘ - literary (Quanzhou);
  • pó - vernacular (Quanzhou).
Note:
  • bao2 - literary;
  • bo2 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 保
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 博抱切
Baxter pawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pawX/
Li
Rong 		/pɑuX/
Wang
Li 		/pɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 保
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bǎo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pawX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁuʔ/
English protect

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 保
Reading # 1/1
No. 318
Phonetic
component 		保
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		寶
Old
Chinese 		/*puːʔ/

Definitions edit

保

  1. to raise; to rear
  2. to keep; to maintain
  3. to protect; to safeguard; to defend
    你要保大還是保小？ [MSC, trad.]
    你要保大还是保小？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ yào bǎo dà háishì bǎo xiǎo? [Pinyin]
    Do you want to save the mother (“the big one”) or the baby (“the small one”)? (a common line in obstetrics-themed dramas)
  4. to ensure; to guarantee
  5. guarantor
  6. Short for 保釋／保释 (bǎoshì, “to bail”).
  7. (historical) bao (a unit of the ancient administrative system, consisting of some 100 households)
  8. a surname: Bao

Synonyms edit

  • (to raise):
  • (to keep):
  • (to protect):
  • (to ensure):
  • (guarantor):

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

保

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. protection
  2. guarantee

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Proper noun edit

保(たもつ) • (Tamotsu) 

  1. a male given name

Korean edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

保 (eumhun 지킬 보 (jikil bo))

  1. Hanja form? of 보 (“protection”).
  2. Hanja form? of 보 (“guarantee”).

Compounds edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

保: Hán Nôm readings: bảo, bầu, bửu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

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