北平

See also: 北京

Chinese edit

		north	flat; level; equal flat; level; equal; to make the same score; to tie; to draw; calm; peaceful
trad. (北平)		北	平
simp. ^#(北平)		北	平

Wikipedia has articles on:

北平 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
北平郡 (Written Standard Chinese^?)

北平市政府 (1935)

Etymology edit

From 北 (běi, “north”) + 平 (píng, “peace, pacification”), used in the sense of pacified or conquered territory.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Běipíng

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bak¹ ping⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Pak-pêng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Běipíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Běipíng
  - Wade–Giles: Pei³-pʻing²
  - Yale: Běi-píng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Beeipyng
  - Palladius: Бэйпин (Bɛjpin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bak¹ ping⁴
  - Yale: bāk pìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bak⁷ ping⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: beg¹ ping⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐk̚⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pak-pêng
  - Tâi-lô: Pak-pîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pakpeeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pak̚³²⁻⁵ piɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ piɪŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: pok bjaeng

Rime
Character	北	平
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	登 (131)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	博墨切	符兵切
Baxter	pok	bjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pək̚/	/bˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pək̚/	/bᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/pək̚/	/biaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pək̚/	/biajŋ/
Li Rong	/pək̚/	/biɐŋ/
Wang Li	/pək̚/	/bĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/pək̚/	/bʱi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo	píng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak¹	ping⁴

Proper noun edit

北平

(～郡) (historical) Beiping, Peiping (an ancient commandery in present-day Baoding, Hebei, China)
(historical) Beiping/Peiping (the name of Beijing during the early Ming dynasty, between its conquest by the Hongwu emperor and its renaming by the Yongle emperor)
(～市) (historical or dated Taiwan officialese) Beiping/Peiping (the name of Beijing during the early 20th century when the Republic of China removed its capital to Nanking)
- Apr 1931, Lao She, “一些印象”, in 齊大月刊, volume 1, number 6, pages 555–557:
  
  對於一個在北平住慣的人，像我，冬天要是不刮大風，便覺得是奇蹟；濟南的冬天是沒有風聲的。 [MSC, trad.]
  对于一个在北平住惯的人，像我，冬天要是不刮大风，便觉得是奇迹；济南的冬天是没有风声的。 [MSC, simp.]
  Duìyú yīge zài Běipíng zhù guàn de rén, xiàng wǒ, dōngtiān yào shì bù guā dàfēng, biàn juéde shì qíjì; Jǐnán de dōng tiān shì méiyǒu fēngshēng de. [Pinyin]
  For someone like me who is accustomed to living in Beiping, if there is no strong wind in winter, it feels like a miracle; in Jinan, the winter is without the sound of wind.
- 大奸巨憝惡貫滿盈毛匪澤東斃命北平 [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]
  大奸巨憝恶贯满盈毛匪泽东毙命北平 [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]
  From: 1976 September 10, in China Times
  dàjiān jùduì èguànmǎnyíng Máo fěi Zédōng bìmìng Běipíng [Pinyin]
  Criminal Traitor Mao Bandit Tsetung Dies in Peiping
- 7月28日[…]1937年日本佔領中國北平 [MSC, trad.]
  7月28日[…]1937年日本占领中国北平 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1986, Qian Gang, 《唐山大地震》 [The Great Tangshan Earthquake]
  7 yuè 28 rì […] 1937 nián Rìběn zhànlǐng Zhōngguó Běipíng [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 中國臺北「中央氣象局」稱：陽明山鞍部的地震儀測到大陸北部的強烈地震，規模為8級。震中在「北平」東部135公里附近。 [MSC, trad.]
  中国台北「中央气象局」称：阳明山鞍部的地震仪测到大陆北部的强烈地震，规模为8级。震中在「北平」东部135公里附近。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1986, Qian Gang, 《唐山大地震》 [The Great Tangshan Earthquake]
  Zhōngguó Táiběi “Zhōngyāng Qìxiàngjú” chēng: Yángmíng Shān ānbù de dìzhènyí cè dào Dàlù běibù de qiángliè dìzhèn, guīmó wèi 8 jí. Zhènzhōng zài “Běipíng” dōngbù 135 gōnglǐ fùjìn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Usage notes edit

In the third sense, the most common English usage is Peiping, Pei-ping, or Pei-p'ing, all based on the Wade-Giles romanization of Chinese characters which was more commonly used in English during this period of Chinese history.

Synonyms edit

(Beijing): 北京 (Běijīng), (literary, or ironic, humorous) 帝都 (dìdū), (historical, archaic) 燕京 (Yānjīng)

Derived terms edit

北平烤鴨／北平烤鸭 (Běipíng kǎoyā)

Descendants edit

→ English: Peiping
→ Japanese: 北平(ペーピン) (pēpin)

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
北	平
Grade: 2	Grade: 3

Etymology edit

From Mandarin 北平 (Běipíng, “Beiping”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [pe̞ːpʲĩɴ]

Proper noun edit

北平(ペーピン) • (Pēpin)

(historical) Alternative spelling of ペーピン (“Beiping”), a former name of Beijing.

Usage notes edit

Note that Chinese sources use Beiping for the name of Beijing during its Japanese occupation amid the Second Sino-Japanese War; Japan, however, formally restored the name Beijing (北京, Pekin) during this period in an attempt to legitimize the Chinese state it established there.