Wiktionary

布

See also: 佈
布 U+5E03, 布
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E03
← 市
[U+5E02] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 帄 →
[U+5E04]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
Japan
 
(For Chinese,
swap
strokes 2 and 1.)

Han character edit

布 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大中月 (KLB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿸𠂇巾)

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 328, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8778
  • Dae Jaweon: page 633, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 728, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5E03

Chinese edit

trad. 布/佈
simp. 布
佈 – “to spread; to proclaim; to arrange; etc.”

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 布
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (父) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
抪 *paː, *paːs
布 *paːs
佈 *paːs
怖 *pʰaːs
斧 *paʔ
父 *paʔ, *baʔ
蚥 *paʔ, *baʔ
滏 *baʔ
釜 *baʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːs) : phonetic 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) + semantic 巾.

Etymology edit

"to spread out" (tr.)
Likely from Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) considers this sense to be cognate with:
"cloth"
"Cloth" is often thought to be the same etymon as "to spread (out)" (tr.). Alternatively, Schuessler thinks this sense's Austroasiatic origin more likely. Indeed, a late Han (漢) dynasty's word for "cotton", 幏布 *ka(H)-puoH (Shuowen, Hou Hanshu), was borrowed from the Austroasiatic-speaking Man-Yi peoples, and a Sanskrit loan (c. 430 CE) into Northwestern dialect is 古貝 *koX-peiH. Compare Proto-Austroasiatic *k-rn-pas and Proto-Mon-Khmer *kpaas (“cotton”), whence Khmer ក្របាស (krɑbaah), Bahnar kơpaih, Proto-Vietic *k-paːs (→ Vietnamese vải & Muong pái).
Additionally, Schuessler suggests that the Austroasiatic word was the source of Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa) & Ancient Greek κάρπασος (kárpasos). Still, earlier Johnson & Decker (1980) stated that "the problem of etymological origin of karpāsa has not been resolved".

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • bou3 - vernacular;
  • bu3 - literary.
Rime
Character 布
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 愽故切
Baxter puH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/puoH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/puoH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/poH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pɔH/
Li
Rong 		/poH/
Wang
Li 		/puH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/puoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bou3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 布
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ puH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁa-s/
English cloth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 布
Reading # 1/1
No. 3495
Phonetic
component 		父
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*paːs/

Definitions edit

布

  1. cloth; textiles (Classifier: 匹; 塊／块)
    棉布  ―  miánbù  ―  cotton cloth
  2. to announce; to proclaim
    宣布  ―  xuānbù  ―  to declare, to proclaim, to announce
  3. to spread
    遍布  ―  biànbù  ―  to be found everywhere, to be spread all over
    烏雲密布／乌云密布  ―  wūyúnmìbù  ―  overcast
    老人臉上布滿了皺紋。 [MSC, trad.]
    老人脸上布满了皱纹。 [MSC, simp.]
    Lǎorén liǎn shàng bùmǎn le zhòuwén. [Pinyin]
    The old man's face is full of wrinkles.
  4. to deploy; to set out
    布署  ―  bùshǔ  ―  to lay out; to deploy
    布下圈套  ―  bù xià quāntào  ―  to set up a trap

Descendants edit

  • → Lao: ຜ້າ (phā, “cloth”)
  • → Thai: ผ้า (pâa, “cloth”)

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

布

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
布
ぬの
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

⟨nuno1⟩ → */nunʷo/ → /nuno/

From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *nono.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

布(ぬの) • (nuno) 

  1. cloth
  2. (architecture) umbrella term for something wide, horizontal, level, parallel, etc. as in a piece of cloth
Derived terms edit
Derived terms

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
布
ふ
Grade: 5
goon

From Middle Chinese 布 (MC puH).

“Hawaii”

Short form of ateji (当て字) spelling 布哇.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

布(ふ) • (fu) 

  1. cloth
  2. Short for 布銭 (fusen): a type of bronze coin used during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China

Affix edit

布(ふ) • (fu) 

  1. cloth
  2. spread out evenly
  3. spread widely
  4. type of ancient Chinese currency
  5. (US) Short for ハワイ (“Hawaii (a state and former kingdom in the United States)”).

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

References edit

  1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese nunwo, ninwo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎[1]
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō

Korean edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

布 • (po) (hangeul 포)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Japonic *nono.

Noun edit

布 (nuno1) (kana ぬの)

  1. cloth
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • Japanese: 布 (nuno)

Etymology 2 edit

The eastern variant, attested from an Azuma-uta poem in the Man’yōshū. Presumably from pre-form *neno.

Noun edit

布 (nino1) (kana にの)

  1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) cloth
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3351:
      , text here
      筑波禰爾由伎可母布良留伊奈乎可母加奈思吉児呂我爾努保佐流可母
      Tukupa-ne ni yuki1 ka mo puraru ina wo ka mo kanasiki1 ko1ro2 ga nino1 posaru ka mo
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

布: Hán Việt readings: bố (博(bác)故(cố)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
布: Nôm readings: bố[1][2], vú[1][3], bó[1], bồ[1], vó[1], múa[2], búa[3], vố[3], bô[4]

  1. Nôm form of vú (“breast”).

Compounds edit

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
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