Wiktionary

森

See also: 淼
森 U+68EE, 森
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68EE
← 棭
[U+68ED] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 棯 →
[U+68EF]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

森 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木木木 (DDD), four-corner 40994, composition ⿱木林)

Derived characters edit

Further reading edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 534, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14974
  • Dae Jaweon: page 922, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1226, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+68EE

Chinese edit

trad. 森
simp. # 森

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 森
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Small seal script
   

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 木 (“tree”), to suggest a large number (compare 三) of trees such as one would find in a forest. Compare 林 (*ɡ·rɯm).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ram (“jungle; forest; country; field”) (STEDT). Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may be an intensive derivation of 林 (*ɡ·rɯm, “forest”), perhaps influenced by parallels in Austroasiatic, such as Old Khmer sarāma, sarāṃ (“a tract of stunted vegetation”), derived from rām (“inundated forest along a watercourse”). Alternatively, Mei (2012) suggests that the prefix *s- has a denominative function.

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • siam1 - Shantou, Chaozhou;
  • sim1 - Jieyang;
  • siang1 - Chenghai.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 森
Mandarin Beijing /sən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂən⁴⁴/
/sən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /sən²¹/
Jinan /ʂẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂə̃²¹²³/
Zhengzhou /ʂən²⁴/
Xi'an /sẽ²¹/
Xining /sə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /səŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /sɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /sə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sən³¹/
Hefei /sən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /səŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /səŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sen³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /sʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /san¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sən³³/
Xiangtan /sən³³/
Gan Nanchang /sɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sem⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sem²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐm⁵³/
Nanning /sɐm⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐm⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sim⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɛiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /saiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /siam³³/
/sim³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sim²³/
Rime
Character 森
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 所今切
Baxter srim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂjim/
Li
Rong 		/ʃjəm/
Wang
Li 		/ʃĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʂi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sam1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 森
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ srim ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.rəm/
English dense trees

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 森
Reading # 1/1
No. 11003
Phonetic
component 		森
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		森
Old
Chinese 		/*srɯm/

Definitions edit

森

  1. full of trees; densely forested
  2. in profusion; multitudinous; dense
  3. dark; gloomy; cold
    陰森／阴森  ―  yīnsēn  ―  gloomy
  4. orderly
  5. strict; rigid; rigorous
    森嚴／森严  ―  sēnyán  ―  strict; tight
  6. An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 森, Mori
  7. (～町):
    1. Mori (a town in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)
    2. Mori (a town in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)
  8. (Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 森美蘭／森美兰 (Sēnměilán, “Negeri Sembilan”).

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Alternative forms edit

Kanji edit

森

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. forest, woods
  2. objects lined up
  3. silent

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
森
もり
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).[1]

Probably cognate with 盛り (mori, “heap, pile”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 盛る (moru, “to heap up, to build up into a significant amount”), from the way a forest can look like a heap or mound from a distance.[2]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

森(もり) • (mori) 

  1. a forest (dense collection of trees)
    Synonym: 森林 (shinrin)
    • 1999 July 22, “トレント [Trent]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
      まだまだ成(せい)長(ちょう)し続(つづ)けている森(もり)の大(たい)木(ぼく)。森(もり)の守(まも)り神(かみ)。
      Madamada seichōshitsuzuketeiru mori no taiboku. Mori no mamori kami.
      A growing forest tree. He is the guardian god of the woods.
  2. a shrine grove

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

Proverbs edit

See also edit

Proper noun edit

森(もり) • (Mori) 

  1. a surname
  2. 森町:
    1. Mori (a town in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)
    2. Mori (a town in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)

References edit

  1. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 10, poem 1850:
    , text here
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

森 (eumhun 숲 삼 (sup sam))

  1. forest

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

森: Hán Việt readings: sâm, sum
森: Nôm readings: chùm, dâm, dúm, râm, sâm, sum, xum

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

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