溢

Translingual edit

Han character edit

溢 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水廿金廿 (ETCT), four-corner 3811₇, composition ⿰氵益)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 640, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17951
Dae Jaweon: page 1047, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1707, character 5
Unihan data for U+6EA2

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		溢
alternative forms		益㳑洫𭂚軼／轶

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (益) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
隘	*qreːɡs
賹	*qreːɡs
搤	qreːɡs, qreːɡ
縊	qleːɡs, qleɡs
螠	*qleɡs
謚	ɢliɡs, qleɡ
諡	*ɢliɡs
蠲	*kʷliːŋ
溢	*liɡ
鎰	*liɡ
齸	lig, qleg
貖	*qreːɡ
益	*qleɡ
嗌	*qleɡ
膉	*qleɡ
鷁	*ŋɡleːɡ
艗	*ŋɡleːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *liɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ, “to increase”) – overflowing liquid.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jat⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): ĭk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ioh / ia̍k / ek / iak / i̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): êg⁸ / êg⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jat⁶
  - Yale: yaht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yed⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐt̚²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ioh
  - Tâi-lô: ioh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ioiq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ioʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ioʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
  - Tâi-lô: ik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
  - Tâi-lô: iak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: i̍t
  - Tâi-lô: i̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: it
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /it̚²⁴/

Note:

ioh - vernacular (“to rock; to lightly sway; to be shaken”);
ia̍k - vernacular (“to surge”);
ek - literary (“to overflow; to surge; to vomit”);
iak/i̍t - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: êg⁸ / êg⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: e̍k / ek
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ek̚⁴/, /ek̚²/

Middle Chinese: yit

Rime
Character	溢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	眞 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	夷質切
Baxter	yit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/jet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jit̚/
Li Rong	/iĕt̚/
Wang Li	/jĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jat⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-q(r)ik/

(Zhengzhang): /*liɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	溢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ yit ›
Old Chinese	/*N-q(r)ik/
English	overflow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	溢
Reading #	1/1
No.	15076
Phonetic component	益
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	逸
Old Chinese	/*liɡ/

Definitions edit

溢

to overflow; to brim over
^† to flood
^† to be full of; to be brimming with
excessive; excessively
^† to exceed
^† vigorous
^† An ancient unit of capacity.
^† Alternative form of 鎰／镒 (yì, “An ancient unit of weight.”)
^† Alternative form of 佾 (yì, “row of dancers”)
(Hokkien) to surge; to gush; to rise
大湧溢過來。 [Hokkien, trad.]
大涌溢过来。 [Hokkien, simp.]
Tōa éng ek kè-lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
The big wave surged over.

規陣人溢對我遮來。 [Hokkien, trad.]
规阵人溢对我遮来。 [Hokkien, simp.]
Kui tīn lâng ek tùi góa chiâ lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
The entire group of people surged over towards me.
(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to vomit due to overeating, sickness, etc.
(Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to rock; to sway; to shake
(Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to lightly sway
(Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to be shaken, shocked, jolted (similar to lakewater)
伊死的消息傳出來，規鄉里總溢起來。 [Hokkien, trad.]
伊死的消息传出来，规乡里总溢起来。 [Hokkien, simp.]
I sí ê siau-sit thoân chhut-lâi, kui hiuⁿ-lí chóng ioh khí-lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
When the news of his death spread, the entire village was jolted.

Synonyms edit

(to sway):

振
搖動／摇动 (yáodòng)
搖擺／摇摆 (yáobǎi)
搖晃／摇晃
搖曳／摇曳 (yáoyè)
搖蕩／摇荡 (yáodàng)
搖顯／摇显 (Hokkien)
摵 (Hokkien)
擺動／摆动 (bǎidòng)
晃動／晃动 (huàngdòng)
舞動／舞动 (wǔdòng)
蕩／荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds)
閃／闪 (shǎn)

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai (extended)	Shinjitai (extended)	溢󠄀 溢+`󠄀`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
溢󠄃 溢+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
Kyūjitai	溢
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