夷
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Translingual edit
Han character edit
夷 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大弓 (KN) or 難大弓 (XKN), four-corner 50032, composition ⿻大弓)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 249, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5852
- Dae Jaweon: page 509, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 527, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5937
Chinese edit
simp. and trad. |
夷 | |
---|---|---|
2nd round simp. | ⿻夫㇆ | |
⿻夫㇆ - 1981 |
Glyph origin edit
Historical forms of the character 夷 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Originally ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 矢 (“arrow”) + [Term?] (“rope”). Later forms ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 大 (“person; big”) + 弓 (“bow”).
Etymology edit
According to Yuè Juè Shū (越絕書), 夷 (OC *lil) is also the Yue word for "sea" (1). Therefore, Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *d(n)liʔ (“large river, sea”) (whence Khmer ទន្លេ (tŭənlei, “large river”) and Kuy thlèː (“sea”)). Meanwhile, Schuessler associates similar Hmong forms like Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao tl̥e (“river”) (< Proto-Hmong-Mien *gle) to *溪 (OC *kʰeː) "creek, rivulet, rill" instead.
In contrast, Ferlus (2009) reconstructs 夷's Old Chinese pronunciation as [lɨ] and connects 夷 to Proto-Kra-Dai *k-ri: (“Kra-Dai endonym”) (whence Thai ไท (tai, “"Tai endonym"”) and Hlai Hlai (“"Hlai endonym"”)). However, Ferlus concedes that such a derivation of 夷 from *k-ri: "remains speculative, [...] not as firmly established as for Hlai and Tai/Thai".
Meanwhile, Laurent Sagart (2008) instead suggested that the Yi languages were ancestral to Austronesian languages and formed a sister-group to Sino-Tibetan, probably related to Proto-Austronesian *i₃ (“personal article”).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
夷
- an ancient tribe in eastern China
- barbarian; foreigners
- to level; to raze
- flat; level; smooth
- to eradicate; to obliterate
- someone of the same generation
- happy; joyous (Can we add an example for this sense?)
- 23rd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ease" (𝌜)
Synonyms edit
Compounds edit
- 不夷
- 不夷不惠
- 以夷伐夷
- 以夷制夷
- 以夷治夷
- 伯夷
- 伯夷叔齊/伯夷叔齐
- 伯夷父
- 優婆夷/优婆夷 (yōupóyí)
- 冰夷
- 凌夷 (língyí)
- 創夷/创夷
- 化險為夷/化险为夷 (huà xiǎn wéi yí)
- 匪夷所思 (fěiyísuǒsī)
- 南夷
- 參夷/参夷
- 唐夷
- 四夷 (sìyí)
- 均夷作用
- 坦夷
- 夏威夷
- 夏威夷州
- 夷三族
- 夷世
- 夷九族
- 夷人 (yírén)
- 夷俟
- 夷堅志/夷坚志
- 夷姤
- 夷平 (yípíng)
- 夷延
- 夷悅/夷悦 (yíyuè)
- 夷惠
- 夷愉 (yíyú)
- 夷懌/夷怿
- 夷戮
- 夷易
- 夷昧
- 夷服
- 夷槃
- 夷歌
- 夷滅/夷灭
- 夷漫
- 夷為平地/夷为平地 (yíwéipíngdì)
- 夷狄 (yídí)
- 夷猶/夷犹
- 夷由
- 夷瘳
- 夷白
- 夷簡/夷简
- 夷衾
- 夷陵 (Yílíng)
- 夷險/夷险
- 夷險一節/夷险一节
- 夷靡
- 夷齊/夷齐
- 女夷
- 尊王攘夷 (zūnwángrǎngyí)
- 履險如夷/履险如夷
- 島夷/岛夷 (dǎoyí)
- 嵎夷
- 希夷
- 平夷
- 擺夷/摆夷 (Bǎiyí)
- 攘夷 (rǎngyí)
- 新夷
- 明夷 (míngyí)
- 昆夷
- 東夷/东夷 (Dōngyí)
- 武夷山 (Wǔyíshān)
- 毀宗夷族/毁宗夷族
- 民夷
- 江左夷吾
- 波羅夷/波罗夷 (bōluóyí)
- 淮夷
- 淩夷/凌夷 (língyí)
- 混夷
- 無夷/无夷
- 燒夷彈/烧夷弹
- 猶夷/犹夷 (yóuyù)
- 用夏變夷/用夏变夷
- 畎夷
- 番夷
- 視險如夷/视险如夷
- 視險若夷/视险若夷
- 芟夷 (shānyí)
- 蠻夷/蛮夷 (mányí)
- 蠻夷戎狄/蛮夷戎狄 (mányí róngdí)
- 裔夷
- 西南夷 (Xīnányí)
- 讎夷/雠夷
- 赴險如夷/赴险如夷
- 辛夷 (xīnyí)
- 鄙夷 (bǐyí)
- 醜夷/丑夷
- 陵夷 (língyí)
- 馮夷/冯夷
- 鳥夷/鸟夷
- 鴟夷/鸱夷
References edit
- “夷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings edit
- Go-on: い (i)
- Kan-on: い (i)
- Kun: えびす (ebisu, 夷); ころす (korosu, 夷す); たいらげる (tairageru, 夷らげる)←たひらげる (tafirageru, 夷らげる, historical)
- Nanori: ひな (hina); ひら (hira)
Compounds edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
夷 |
えびす Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
⟨emi1si⟩ → */emʲisɨ/ → /emisə/ → /ebisu/
Shift from Old Japanese 蝦夷 (Emishi), modern Ezo.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- (historical) Synonym of 蝦夷 (Ezo): an ancient ethnic group attested in the Nihon Shoki that once lived on what is now the Kantō, Hokuriku and Tōhoku regions, likely as far as Hokkaido, possibly related to the Ainu people; dubbed "barbarians" or "savages" by the Yamato.
- a person living far away from the 都 (miyako, “capital”), loosely translated to "bumpkin" or "hick"
- Synonym: 田舎者 (inakamono)
- (regional, derogatory) a barbarian, savage, especially referring to the 東夷 (azuma-ebisu, “warrior from the eastern parts of Japan”)
- 1204, Akishino Gesseishū (book 1, poem 223)
- わがおもふ人だにすまばみちのくのえびすの里もうときものかは
- waga omou hito dani sumaba Michinoku no ebisu no sato utoki mono ka wa
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- わがおもふ人だにすまばみちのくのえびすの里もうときものかは
- 1204, Akishino Gesseishū (book 1, poem 223)
- (by extension, derogatory) a foreigner
Derived terms edit
Proper noun edit
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
夷 |
い Jinmeiyō |
on’yomi |
/ji/ → /i/
From Middle Chinese 夷 (MC yij), originally referred to one of the ancient tribes east of China.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- those people with differing languages and/or cultures
- Synonym: 異民族 (iminzoku)
- a barbarian, savage; uncivilized people (living to the east of ancient Imperial China; included Japan)
- Synonym: 野蛮人 (yabanjin)
- a neutral (position)
- Synonym: 無色 (mushoku)
Derived terms edit
Idioms edit
References edit
Korean edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Chinese 夷 (MC yij). Recorded as Middle Korean 이 (i) (Yale: i) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja edit
夷 (eumhun 오랑캐 이 (orangkae i))
夷 (eumhun 평평할 이 (pyeongpyeonghal i))
Compounds edit
References edit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
夷: Hán Nôm readings: dì, dai, di, gì, rợ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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