ek

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ek"

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

• ik (Cape Afrikaans or archaic), ekke (emphatic or marked variant)

Etymology

From Dutch ik, from Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂om (“I”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /æk/, (Cape dialect) /ɛk/

• Audio

  (file)

Pronoun

ek (object my, possessive my)

1. I (subject)
   • 1976, Tydskrif vir Letterkunde, page 19:

     Hy het na my geskop, maar ek het dit verwag en het vinnig my been gelig en dwars gedraai.

     He kicked towards me, but I expected this and quickly lifted my leg and turned it sidewards.

   • 1994, in Annemarié Van Niekerk, Vrouevertellers. 1843-1993, Tafelberg-Uitgewers (publ.), page 308.

     " […] Ek is jou vader. Ek sal jou doodslaan as jy nie luister nie!"

     " […] I am your father. I shall beat you to death if you do not listen!"

   • 2011, Kashiefa, Sedick, Zakeer & Sedeeqa Jacobs, "Die pad is toe", in No Land! No House! No Vote! Voices from Symphony Way, Pambazuka Press (publ.), page 132.

     Ek het nog nooit 'n huis gehad nie, my ouers het ook nog nooit een besit nie

     I have never owned a house, my parents also have never possessed one either.

See also

Afrikaans personal pronouns

		subjective	objective	possessive determiner	possessive pronoun
singular	1st	ek	my		myne
	2nd	jy	jou		joune
	2nd, formal	u			u s’n
	3rd, masc	hy	hom	sy	syne
	3rd, fem	sy	haar		hare
	3rd, neut	dit		sy	syne
plural	1st	ons			ons s’n
	2nd	julle / jul1			julle s’n
	3rd	hulle / hul1			hulle s’n
1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence.

Ainu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ek/

Verb

ek (Kana spelling エㇰ, plural ariki)

1. (intransitive) to come

Bergish

Alternative forms

• ik

Pronoun

ek

1. (Barmen) I (first person pronoun)

Coordinate terms

• mek (“me (dative/accusative)”)
• du (“thou”)
• dek (“thee (dative/accusative)”)
• sek (“reflexive pronoun”)
• hä (“he”)
• se (“she/they”)
• et (“it”)

Further reading

• Charlotte Elling, edited by Paul Decker, Mehr Vertellsches on Vääschkes uttem Wopperdal, Verlag Edition Köndgen, s.a. [2017]; by the Vorwort by Paul Decker Charlotte Elling is from Barmen, and according to publisher it's in "Barmer Platt"

Esperanto

Etymology

Back-formation from ek-.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [ek]
• Hyphenation: ek

Interjection

ek

1. let's go, hurry up

   Ek! Ni ne havas multan tempon.

   Let's go! We don't have much time.

Fiji Hindi

Etymology

From Hindi एक (ek).

Numeral

ek

1. one

References

• Fiji Hindi Dictionary
• Moag, Rodney F. (1977) Fiji Hindi: A basic course and reference grammar‎^[1], Canberra, Australia: Australian National University Press, →ISBN
• Siegel, Jeff (1977) Say it in Fiji Hindi, Australia: Pacific Publications, →ISBN, page 28

Hokkien

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 億 (“hundred million; hundred thousand; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 億).

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 厄 (“harrowing; miserable; disaster; calamity; catastrophe; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 厄).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 啞 (“laughter; sound of laughing”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 啞).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 憶 (“to recall; to recollect; to think back; to remember; to bear in mind; to memorize; to remember; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 憶).

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 扼 (“to grasp; to clutch; to guard; to control; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 扼).

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 抑 (“to press down; to keep down; to repress; to suppress; to restrain; to restrict; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 抑).

Etymology 7

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 溢 (“to overflow; to brim over; to flood; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 溢).

Etymology 8

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 益 (“to overflow; affluent; well-off; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 益).

Etymology 9

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 臆 (“chest; breast; bosom; thought; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 臆).

Icelandic

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ek, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek), from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Alternative forms

• ég (modern)
• eg (archaic, poetic)

Pronoun

ek

1. (archaic) I

   Ek spurða þá, hvar ek skyldi sitja.

   I asked then, where I should sit.

Declension

  Icelandic personal pronouns

Icelandic personal pronouns
singular	first person	second person	third person masculine	third person feminine	third person neuter
nominative	ég, eg†, ek†	þú	hann	hún, hon†, hón†	það, þat†
accusative	mig, mik†	þig, þik†	hann	hana	það, þat†
dative	mér	þér	honum, hánum†	henni	því
genitive	mín	þín	hans	hennar	þess
plural	first person	second person	third person masculine	third person feminine	third person neuter
nominative	við	þið, þit†	þeir	þær	þau
accusative	okkur	ykkur	þá	þær	þau
dative	okkur	ykkur	þeim	þeim	þeim
genitive	okkar	ykkar	þeirra	þeirra	þeirra

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ek

1. first-person singular active present indicative of aka

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐκ (ek). Also seen as a borrowing from Latin ex, with the x changed to just k so not to interfere with ex-, which shares the same origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛk/

Preposition

ek

1. (general sense) out
2. (indicating motion) out, out of, out from, from

   Adportez stulo ek ta chambro ― Bring a chair out of that room.

   Lu prenis ca folio ek la tir-kesto ― He took this leaf from the drawer.

3. of, made from, made of (of materials)

   Ek quon esas ta tasi? ― What are the cups made of?

   Li esas ek porcelano. ― They are made of china.

4. (mathematics) (indication fractional parts) out of

   Nonadek ek cent. ― Ninety out of a hundred (90%).

   En ca armeo, 5 ek 100 esas ocidita, 10 ek 100 vundita.

   In this army, five out of (every) 100 were killed, and ten per cent were wounded.

Derived terms

• ek-

Related terms

• ex-

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit एक (eka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas. Compare Hindi एक (ek).

Numeral

ek

1. one; 1

Ladino

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin ecce. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Old Spanish or Italian?”)

Interjection

ek (Latin spelling)

1. lo!, behold!, see!, look!

Marshallese

Pronunciation

• (phonetic) IPA^(key): [ek]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /jek/
• Bender phonemes: {yȩk}

Noun

ek

1. fish

References

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Mauritian Creole

Alternative forms

• e

Etymology

From French avec.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ek]

Conjunction

ek

1. and

Preposition

ek

1. with

Middle English

Alternative forms

• eek, eke

Etymology

From Old English ēac, from Proto-Germanic *auk.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛːk/

Adverb

ek

1. also, in addition, besides

Derived terms

• ekename

Related terms

• eake

Descendants

• Scots: eik, ek
• English: eke
• ⇒ Middle English: ekename
  • ⇒ English: nickname (via rebracketing)

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛk/, /ek/

Pronoun

ek

1. Alternative form of ik.

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Norse ekki. Cognate with Danish ikke, Faroese ikki, Norwegian Nynorsk ikkje.

Adverb

ek

1. (Sylt) not

   "Di rocht Saaken ken di Oogen ek se", sair di Litji Prins, fuar höm dit tö morki.

   "The important things can't be seen with the eyes," said the Little Prince, so he would remember this.

Northern Ohlone

Pronoun

ek

1. my, mine (first-person, singular, possesive pronoun)

References

María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Languages)‎^[2], Unpublished

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Danish eg, from Old Norse eik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”). Cognate with Swedish ek, Norwegian Nynorsk, Faroese, and Icelandic eik, German Eiche, and English oak.

Noun

ek m (definite singular eken, indefinite plural eker, definite plural ekene)

1. an oak

Related terms

• eik

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aik.

Noun

ēk f

1. oak

References

• Köbler, Gerhard, Altfriesisches Wörterbuch (4th edition 2014)

Old Norse

Alternative forms

• iak — Old East Norse
• ec — manuscript spelling
• -k — enclitic

Etymology

From Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek, “I”), from Proto-Germanic *ek (“I”), from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ek/

Pronoun

ek

1. I (first-person singular pronoun)
   • c. 900, Vǫluspá, verse 1, line 1:

     Hliods bið ec allar... (Codex Regius, circa 1270)
     Hlioðs bið ek allar... (Hauksbók, circa 1306)
     Hljóðs bið ek allar... (normalised orthography)

     For silence I ask all...

   • 1220-1240, Egils saga, chapter 3, line 16:

     "Þótt þetta vandræði hafi nú borit oss at hendi, þá mun eigi langt til, at sama vandræði mun til yðvar koma, því at Haraldr, ætla ek, at skjótt mun hér koma, þá er hann hefir alla menn þrælkat ok áþját, sem hann vill, á Norðmæri ok í Raumsdal." (Norse)

     translation by William Charles Green:

     Though this danger now touches us, before long the same will come to you; for Harold, as I ween, will hasten hither when he has enthralled and oppressed after his will all in North Mæra and Raumsdale.

     translation by Hallvard Lie:

     Though this trouble have now lighted on our hand, 'twill not be long ere the same trouble shall come upon you; for Harald, I ween, will shortly hither come, soon as he hath all men thralled and enslaved, according to this will, in Northmere and Raumsdale.

Declension

Old Norse personal pronouns

number	first person	second person	reflexive	third person
case	singular			singular masculine	singular feminine	singular neuter
nominative	ek	þú		hann	hón, hǫ́n	þat
accusative	mik	þik	sik	hann	hana, hána	þat
dative	mér	þér	sér	hánum, hónum, hǫ́num	henni	því
genitive	mín	þín	sín	hans	hennar	þess
case	dual
nominative	vit	it, þit
accusative	okkr	ykkr	sik
dative	okkr	ykkr	sér
genitive	okkar	ykkar	sín
case	plural			plural masculine	plural feminine	plural neuter
nominative	vér	ér, þér		þeir	þær	þau
accusative	oss	yðr	sik	þá	þær	þau
dative	oss	yðr	sér	þeim	þeim	þeim
genitive	vár	yðar, yðvar	sín	þeira, þeirra	þeira, þeirra	þeira, þeirra

Descendants

• Icelandic: ek, eg, ég
• Faroese: eg, jeg
• Norn: eg
• Norwegian: ej, é, eig, í, æg, æj, æ, je, jæj (dialectal)
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: eg
• Jamtish: jeg
• Dalian: ik, ig
  • Elfdalian: ig
• Old Swedish: iak, iæk; iag, iagh, iach; ᛁᛆᚴ
  • Swedish: jag
• Old Danish: iak, iæk, iægh, æk, ak
  • Danish: jeg, a, æ, ja, jæ
    • Norwegian Bokmål: jeg
  • Scanian: jağ
• Jutish: æ
• Old Gutnish: iek

References

• “ek”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛːk/

Noun

ēk f

1. oak

Declension

Declension of ēk (feminine i-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	ēk	ēki
accusative	ēk	ēki
genitive	ēki	ēkiō
dative	ēki	ēkium
instrumental	—	—

Descendants

• Middle Low German: êke, êk
  • Low German: Eek
  • Plautdietsch: Ieekj

Proto-Norse

Romanization

ek

1. Romanization of ᛖᚲ
2. Romanization of ᛖᚴ

Rohingya

Rohingya cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : ek

Alternative forms

• (Arabic) اࣦكۡ
• (Bengali) এক
• (Myanmar) ဧက်
• (Hanifi) 𐴀𐴠𐴑 (ek)

Etymology

From Sanskrit एक (eka, “one”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛk̚]

Numeral

ek

1. one

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse eik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eːk/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

ek c

1. oak

Declension

Declension of ek
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	ek	eken	ekar	ekarna
Genitive	eks	ekens	ekars	ekarnas

Further reading

• ek in Svensk ordbok.

Tocharian B

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *ëk, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃okʷ- (“to see”) + the noun-forming ending *-s. Compare Tocharian A ak.

Noun

ek m

1. (anatomy) eye

   Eśane klausane ṣeycer-me kartstse yolo lkātsi klyaussisa.

   "You had eyes and ears to see and hear good and evil."

Derived terms

• ekaṣṣe
• eśneṣṣe
• eśanetstse

Further reading

• Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ek”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 78-79

Turkish

Noun

ek (definite accusative eki, plural ekler)

1. annex

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	ek
Definite accusative	eki
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ek	ekler
Definite accusative	eki	ekleri
Dative	eke	eklere
Locative	ekte	eklerde
Ablative	ekten	eklerden
Genitive	ekin	eklerin
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular ekim eklerim 2nd singular ekin eklerin 3rd singular eki ekleri 1st plural ekimiz eklerimiz 2nd plural ekiniz ekleriniz 3rd plural ekleri ekleri Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular ekimi eklerimi 2nd singular ekini eklerini 3rd singular ekini eklerini 1st plural ekimizi eklerimizi 2nd plural ekinizi eklerinizi 3rd plural eklerini eklerini Dative Singular Plural 1st singular ekime eklerime 2nd singular ekine eklerine 3rd singular ekine eklerine 1st plural ekimize eklerimize 2nd plural ekinize eklerinize 3rd plural eklerine eklerine Locative Singular Plural 1st singular ekimde eklerimde 2nd singular ekinde eklerinde 3rd singular ekinde eklerinde 1st plural ekimizde eklerimizde 2nd plural ekinizde eklerinizde 3rd plural eklerinde eklerinde Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular ekimden eklerimden 2nd singular ekinden eklerinden 3rd singular ekinden eklerinden 1st plural ekimizden eklerimizden 2nd plural ekinizden eklerinizden 3rd plural eklerinden eklerinden Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular ekimin eklerimin 2nd singular ekinin eklerinin 3rd singular ekinin eklerinin 1st plural ekimizin eklerimizin 2nd plural ekinizin eklerinizin 3rd plural eklerinin eklerinin
Predicative forms Singular Plural 1st singular ekim eklerim 2nd singular eksin eklersin 3rd singular ek ektir ekler eklerdir 1st plural ekiz ekleriz 2nd plural eksiniz eklersiniz 3rd plural ekler eklerdir

Hyponyms

• ön ek

Verb

ek

1. second-person singular imperative of ekmek

Volapük

Pronoun

ek

1. someone; anyone

Declension

    declension of ek

	singular	plural
nominative	ek	eks
genitive	eka	ekas
dative	eke	ekes
accusative	eki	ekis

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian āk, from Proto-West Germanic *auk.

Adverb

ek

1. also, too

Further reading

• “ek”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Zhuang

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *ʔeːkᴰ (“yoke”), from Middle Chinese 軛 (MC 'eak, “yoke”). Cognate with Thai แอก (ɛ̀ɛk), Lao ແອກ (ʼǣk), Tai Dam ꪵꪮꪀ, Shan ဢႅၵ်ႇ (ʼèk), Ahom 𑜒𑜢𑜀𑜫 (ʼik).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /ʔeːk˧˥/
• Tone numbers: ek⁷
• Hyphenation: ek

Noun

ek (Sawndip forms 兀 or 𰠪 or 枙 or 𣐎, 1957–1982 spelling ek)

1. yoke