See also:
U+8CAA, 貪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CAA

[U+8CA9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8CAB]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 154, +4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓金 (OINC), four-corner 80806, composition )

  1. greedy, covet
  2. covetous

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36680
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3627, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+8CAA

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
 
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʰl'uːm) and ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : phonetic (OC *krɯm, open mouth) + semantic (money).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /tʰan⁵⁵/
Harbin /tʰan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tʰan²¹/
Jinan /tʰã²¹³/
Qingdao /tʰã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tʰan²⁴/
Xi'an /tʰã²¹/
Xining /tʰã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰan⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tʰɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /tʰan⁴⁴/
Wuhan /tʰan⁵⁵/
Chengdu /tʰan⁵⁵/
Guiyang /tʰan⁵⁵/
Kunming /tʰã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /tʰaŋ³¹/
Hefei /tʰæ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /tɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /tʰæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /tʰø⁵³/
Suzhou /tʰø⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tʰẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /tʰø³³/
Hui Shexian /tʰɛ³¹/
Tunxi /tʰɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tʰan³³/
Xiangtan /tʰan³³/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɵn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tʰam⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʰɑm²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰam⁵³/
Nanning /tʰam⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tʰam⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tʰam⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰaŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰaŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰam³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ham²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (6)
Final () (159)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter thom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰʌm/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰəm/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰɒm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰəm/
Li
Rong
/tʰᴀm/
Wang
Li
/tʰɒm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰăm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
taam1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tān
Middle
Chinese
‹ thom ›
Old
Chinese
/*r̥ˁ[ə]m/
English to covet

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6552
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰl'uːm/

Definitions

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  1. to be greedy
    做人不要這麼 [MSC, trad.]
    做人不要这么 [MSC, simp.]
    Zuòrén bùyào zhème tānxīn. [Pinyin]
    Don't be so greedy in life.
  2. to be fond of; to have an insatiable desire for
      ―  tānwán  ―  to be preoccupied with having fun
      ―  tānshuì  ―  to be a lover of sleep
  3. to pursue something (excessively or inappropriately)
    便宜便宜  ―  tānbiànyí  ―  to be anxious to get things on the cheap
    唔好衝紅燈馬路 [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔好冲红灯马路 [Cantonese, simp.]
    m4 hou2 taam1 faai3 cung1 hung4 dang1 gwo3 maa5 lou6 aa3! [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  4. to embezzle
      ―  tānguān  ―  corrupt official
      ―  tān le jǐ qiān wàn  ―  to have embezzled several hundred million

Synonyms

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  • (to embezzle):

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. covet
  2. indulge

Readings

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  • Go-on: とん (ton)
  • Kan-on: たん (tan)
  • Kan’yō-on: どん (don, Jōyō)
  • Kun: むさぼる (musaboru, 貪る, Jōyō)

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(tam) (hangeul , revised tam, McCune–Reischauer t'am, Yale tham)

  1. hanja form? of (covetousness, avarice, greed)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: tham

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.