Wiktionary

ton

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ton"

Translingual edit

Symbol edit

ton

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Tongan.

English edit

 
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Etymology 1 edit

Variant of tun (“cask”), influenced by Old French tonne (“ton”).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /tʌn/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Audio (AU)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʌn

Noun edit

ton (plural tons)

  1. Any of various units of mass, (historical) originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly
    1. The short ton of 2000 pounds (about 907 kg), 20 hundredweights of 100 pounds avoirdupois each.
    2. The long ton of 2240 pounds (about 1016 kg), 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each.
    3. The metric ton of 1000 kilograms, 10 quintals of 100 kilograms each.
    Synonyms: tonne, metric ton, megagram
  2. Any of various units of volume, (historical) originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly
    1. The measurement ton of (US) 40 or (UK) 42 cubic feet (about 1.1 or 1.2 m³).
    2. The register ton of 100 cubic feet (about 2.83 m³).
  3. (figuratively) Any large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything.
    I’ve got a ton of work to do.
    I've got tons of work to do.
  4. (HVAC) A unit of thermal power equal to 12,000 BTU/h (about 3.5 kW), approximating the idealized rate of cooling provided by uniform isothermal melting of 1 short ton of ice per day at 0°C.
  5. (slang, chiefly UK) Synonym of hundred, particularly
    1. 100 pounds sterling.
    2. (darts, snooker, etc.) 100 points.
    3. (cricket) 100 runs.
    4. A speed of 100 mph.
      • 1970, Mungo Jerry (lyrics and music), “In The Summertime”, in In The Summertime:
        Speed along the lane / Do a ton or a ton and twenty-five
      • 2008, Damon Beesley, Iain Morris, “Caravan Club”, in The Inbetweeners, Series 1, Episode 5, E4:
        Neil: How fast can this thing go then, do you reckon?
        Simon: Well, it's the special edition, so I reckon it could probably top a ton.
        Neil: Bollocks!
      • 2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, in RAIL, number 941, page 50:
        The HSDT team, however, had some work to do, although by the end of 1972 the power car interior had been adjusted and BR had agreed to 'double-manning' with extra pay when speeds topped the ton.
Synonyms edit
  • (traditional unit of mass equivalent to a tun): tonelada (Spanish and Portuguese contexts)
  • (any hyperbolically or oppressively large amount): See Thesaurus:lot
  • (slang for 100 points in darts &c.): tonne
  • (slang for 100 cricket runs): century
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • → Tokelauan: tone, tane
Translations edit
short ton — see short ton
long ton — see long ton
metric ton — see metric ton
measurement ton — see measurement ton
register ton — see register ton

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from French ton (“manner”), from Latin tonus. Doublet of tone, tune, and tonus.

Pronunciation edit

  • (UK) IPA(key): /tɔ̃/, /tɒn/
  • Audio (Southern England)(file)
  • Audio (Southern England)(file)

Noun edit

ton (uncountable)

  1. Fashion, the current style, the vogue.
  2. Fashionable society; those in style.
    • 1790, Amelia Opie, chapter 13, in Dangers of Coquetry, volume I:
      [S]he thought herself incapable of being flattered by the attentions of a man she despised, because he was the reigning idol of the ton […] .
    • 1823 December 17, [Lord Byron], Don Juan. Cantos XII.—XIII.—and XIV., London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John Hunt, […], →OCLC, canto XIII, (please specify the stanza number):
      The party might consist of thirty three Of highest caste—the Brahmins of the ton.
    • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 30, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849, →OCLC:
      Pen was somewhat older than many of his fellow-students, and there was that about his style and appearance, which, as we have said, was rather haughty and impertinent, that stamped him as a man of ton—very unlike those pale students who were talking law to one another, and those ferocious dandies, in rowing shirts and astonishing pins and waistcoats, who represented the idle part of the little community.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Noun edit

ton (plural tons)

  1. Synonym of tunny, particularly the common tunny or horse mackerel.

See also edit

Anagrams edit

Antillean Creole edit

Etymology edit

From French thon.

Noun edit

ton

  1. tuna

Catalan edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Old Catalan ton, from Vulgar Latin *tum, reduced form of Latin tuum, from Proto-Italic *towos. Compare Occitan and French ton.

In unstressed position in Vulgar Latin tuum, tuam etc. were monosyllabic and regularly became ton, ta etc. in Catalan. When stressed they were disyllabic and became teu, tua > teua etc.

Pronunciation edit

Determiner edit

ton m (feminine ta, masculine plural tos, feminine plural tes)

  1. your (singular)
Usage notes edit
  • The use of ton and the other possessive determiners is mostly archaic in the majority of dialects, with articulated possessive pronouns (e.g. el meu) mostly being used in their stead. However, mon, ton, and son are still widely used before certain nouns referring to family members and some affective nouns, such as amic, casa, and vida. Which nouns actually find use with the possessive determiners depends greatly on the locale.

The standard masculine plural form is tos, but tons can be found in some dialects.

See also edit

References edit

  • “ton” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

ton

  1. inflection of tondre:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Chuukese edit

Noun edit

ton

  1. torch

Crimean Tatar edit

Noun edit

ton (accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

  1. fur coat

Derived terms edit

Danish edit

 
Danish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia da

Etymology edit

From English ton, variant of tun (“cask”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ton c or n (singular definite tonnet or tonnen, plural indefinite ton or tons, abbreviation t)

  1. ton (unit of weight)

See also edit

Dutch edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Dutch tonne, from Medieval Latin tunna.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ton f (plural tonnen, diminutive tonnetje n)

  1. barrel
  2. ton (1000 kilograms)
  3. 100,000 of some monetary unit, particularly guilders
    Dat zou zeker een ton kosten.
    Dat zou zeker een ton euro kosten.
    140.000 euro is bijna drie ton gulden
  4. A large amount.
    Hij leende tonnen met geld. - He borrowed large amounts of money.

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Finnish edit

Pronoun edit

ton

  1. (colloquial) genitive singular of toi
  2. (colloquial) accusative singular of toi

Anagrams edit

French edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Old French ton, tos, from Latin tuus.

Determiner edit

ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)

  1. (possessive) your
    Tu as pensé à prendre ton livre ?
    Did you remember to bring your book?
    Ton écriture est jolie.
    Your writing is pretty.
    J’aime beaucoup ton manteau.
    I really like your coat.
Usage notes edit

Ton is used before all singular nouns beginning with a vowel or a mute H, even those that are feminine. However, ta is used with singular feminine nouns beginning with an aspirated H.

Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Possessee
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine
Possessor Singular First person mon1 ma mes
Second person ton1 ta tes
Third person son1 sa ses
Plural First person notre nos
Second person votre2 vos2
Third person leur leurs
1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Latin tonus. Doublet of tonus, a later borrowing.

Noun edit

ton m (plural tons)

  1. tone (sound of a particular frequency)
  2. (music) tone (interval)
    Il y a un ton entre do et ré
    Doh and ray are separated by one tone.
  3. tone (manner of speaking)
    Je n’aime pas le ton sur lequel tu me parles!
    I don’t like your tone! (I don’t like the way you are talking to me!)
  4. tone, shade (of colour)
    Différents tons de rouge.
    Several shades of red.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • → Turkish: ton

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

Friulian edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos). Compare Italian tuono, Romansch tun, tung, Dalmatian tun, Romanian tun.

Noun edit

ton m (plural tons)

  1. thunder
Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos). Compare Italian tonno.

Noun edit

ton m (plural tons)

  1. tuna

Etymology 3 edit

Ultimately borrowed from Latin tonus. Compare French ton, Italian tono.

Noun edit

ton m (plural tons)

  1. tone

Fula edit

Alternative forms edit

  • (Pulaar) to

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Adverb edit

ton

  1. (Pular) there, over there
    Hammadi Sammba ko leydi Funnaange iwi. Wolarɓe Labe ɓen kadi ko ton iwi.
    Hammadi Samba came from a region situated in the East. The Wolarɓe of Labe also came from over there.

Usage notes edit

References edit

Haitian Creole edit

Etymology edit

From French thon.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ton

  1. tuna

Hausa edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from English ton.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

tôn m

  1. ton (unit of weight)

Indonesian edit

 
Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈtɔn]
  • Hyphenation: ton

Etymology 1 edit

From Dutch ton, from Middle Dutch tonne, from Old French [Term?], from Latin tunna, tonna, itself from a Celtic word cognate to Irish tonn (“skin”).

Noun edit

ton (first-person possessive tonku, second-person possessive tonmu, third-person possessive tonnya)

  1. ton:
    1. tonne, metric ton: a unit of weight (mass) equal to 1000 kilograms.
    2. register ton, a unit of a ship's capacity equal to 100 cubic feet or 2.83 m3.
    3. long ton, weight ton: the avoirdupois or Imperial ton of 2,240 pounds (1,016.0469 kg).
    4. displacement ton
  2. (colloquial) A thousand rupiah.
Alternative forms edit
  • tan (Standard Malay)
Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Dutch toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

Noun edit

ton (first-person possessive tonku, second-person possessive tonmu, third-person possessive tonnya)

  1. alternative form of tona (“tone”)

Further reading edit

Irish edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun edit

ton m (genitive singular toin, nominative plural toin)

  1. (biology, literature, music) tone

Declension edit

Declension of ton

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ton toin
Vocative a thoin a thona
Genitive toin ton
Dative ton toin

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an ton na toin
Genitive an toin na dton
Dative leis an ton

don ton

leis na toin

Derived terms edit

Mutation edit

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
ton thon dton
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Jamaican Creole edit

Etymology edit

Derived from English turn.

Verb edit

ton

  1. to turn

Further reading edit

  • ton at majstro.com

Japanese edit

Romanization edit

ton

  1. Rōmaji transcription of とん

Middle English edit

Etymology edit

From Old English tān; equivalent to to +‎ -en (plural suffix).

Noun edit

ton

  1. plural of to (“toe”)

Old French edit

Alternative forms edit

  • toun (Anglo-Norman)
  • tun (Anglo-Norman)

Etymology edit

From Latin tuus, tuum.

Pronunciation edit

Determiner edit

ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)

  1. your (second-person singular possessive)

Descendants edit

Old Javanese edit

Etymology edit

Unknown. Cognate of Indonesian tonton.

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

ton

  1. to see
  2. to look

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Further reading edit

  • "ton" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Old Occitan edit

Etymology edit

From Latin thunnus.

Noun edit

ton m (oblique plural tons, nominative singular tons, nominative plural ton)

  1. tuna (fish)

References edit

Polish edit

 
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos), from Proto-Hellenic *tónos, from Proto-Indo-European *tónos, from *ten-.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ton m inan

  1. (linguistics, music) tone
    Synonyms: barwa, brzmienie, zabarwienie

Declension edit

Declension of ton
singular plural
nominative ton tony
genitive tonu tonów
dative tonowi tonom
accusative ton tony
instrumental tonem tonami
locative tonie tonach
vocative tonie tony

Derived terms edit

adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verbs

Further reading edit

  • ton in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ton in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from French thon.

Noun edit

ton m (plural toni)

  1. tuna
Declension edit
Declension of ton
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ton tonul (niște) toni tonii
genitive/dative (unui) ton tonului (unor) toni tonilor
vocative tonule tonilor

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from French ton, from Latin tonus. Doublet of tun.

Noun edit

ton n (plural tonuri)

  1. tone
Declension edit
Declension of ton
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ton tonul (niște) tonuri tonurile
genitive/dative (unui) ton tonului (unor) tonuri tonurilor
vocative tonule tonurilor
Related terms edit

Serbo-Croatian edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

tȏn m (Cyrillic spelling то̑н)

  1. tone

Declension edit

Declension of ton
singular plural
nominative tȏn tónovi
genitive tona tonova
dative tonu tonovima
accusative ton tonove
vocative tone tonovi
locative tonu tonovima
instrumental tonom tonovima

Skolt Sami edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Samic *tonë.

Pronoun edit

ton

  1. you (singular)

Inflection edit

Declension of ton
singular dual plural
nominative ton tuäna tij
genitive tuu tuännai tij
accusative tuu tuännaid tiʹjjid
illative tuʹnne tuännaid tiʹjjid
locative tuʹst tuännast tiiʹst
comitative tuin tuännain tiʹjjivuiʹm
abessive tuutää tuännaitää tiʹjjitää
essive tuuʹnen tuännan —
partitive tuuʹđed — —

Further reading edit

  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[1], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Spanish edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈton/ [ˈt̪õn]
  • Rhymes: -on
  • Syllabification: ton

Noun edit

ton m (uncountable)

  1. Clipping of tono.

Further reading edit

Swedish edit

Etymology 1 edit

From English ton.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ton n

  1. tonne
Declension edit
Declension of ton 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ton tonnet ton tonnen
Genitive tons tonnets tons tonnens
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin tonus.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ton c

  1. tone (sound of a particular frequency)
  2. (music) tone (interval)
  3. tone (behaviour)
    att hålla god ton ― to talk politely (e.g. in a debate)
  4. tone, shade (of colour)
Declension edit
Declension of ton 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ton tonen toner tonerna
Genitive tons tonens toners tonernas
Related terms edit

References edit

Anagrams edit

Ter Sami edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Samic *tonë.

Pronoun edit

ton

  1. you (singular)

Further reading edit

  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[2], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Ternate edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ton

  1. Alternative form of toni (“flying fish”)

References edit

  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from French ton.

Noun edit

ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)

  1. tone (all senses)

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from French tonne.

Noun edit

ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)

  1. tonne, metric ton

Etymology 3 edit

Borrowed from French thon.

Noun edit

ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)

  1. tuna
    Synonym: ton balığı

Volapük edit

Noun edit

ton (nominative plural tons)

  1. sound

Declension edit

declension of ton
singular plural
nominative ton tons
genitive tona tonas
dative tone tones
accusative toni tonis
vocative 1 o ton! o tons!
predicative 2 tonu tonus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Welsh edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Brythonic *tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tundā.

Noun edit

ton f (plural tonnau)

  1. wave, billow
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tondā (“surface”), from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *tend- ~ *temh₁- (“to cut”).

Noun edit

ton m (plural tonnau)

  1. lea, unploughed land
  2. skin, rind, crust
    Synonyms: croen, crofen, crystyn, pil
Derived terms edit

Mutation edit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
ton don nhon thon
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Zuni edit

Pronoun edit

ton

  1. Second person dual subject (medial position)
    you two
  2. Second person plural subject (medial position)
    you (three or more)

Related terms edit

See also edit

Zuni personal pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person (medial) ho' hon hon
1st person (final) hoo'o ho'no ho'no
2nd person (medial) to' ton ton
2nd person (final) too'o to'no to'no
3rd person (medial) — 'aachi —
3rd person (final) — 'aachi —
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