hier
Afrikaans edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch hier, from Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
hier
Derived terms edit
Danish edit
Noun edit
hier n
- indefinite plural of hi
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
hier
Usage notes edit
With a preposition, hier is used instead of dit to create a pronominal adverb. See also Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs.
Derived terms edit
See also Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs.
Descendants edit
See also edit
French edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old French ier, from Latin herī.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
hier
- yesterday
- 2001, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Diderot ou le matérialisme enchanté:
- […] car il nous appartient que les choses changent dans le sens du meilleur, d’un meilleur peut-être précaire, et qui pourrait s’énoncer par cette maxime : mieux que rien, mieux qu’hier et mieux qu’aujourd’hui.
- […] because it's up to us to change things for the better — a perhaps precarious better — and which could be stated by this maxim: better than nothing, better than yesterday, and better than today.
Coordinate terms edit
Dates relative to today in French (layout · text) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
–3 | –2 | –1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | |
direct speech | three days ago | two days ago | yesterday | today | tomorrow | in two days | in three days |
avant-avant-hier | avant-hier | hier | aujourd’hui | demain | après-demain | après-après-demain | |
reported speech | three days before, three days earlier | two days before, two days earlier | the day before | on that day | the next day | two days later | three days later |
trois jours plus tôt | l’avant-veille | la veille | ce jour-là | le lendemain | le surlendemain | trois jours plus tard |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “hier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (aspirated h) IPA(key): /je/, /i.e/
Verb edit
hier
Conjugation edit
infinitive | simple | hier | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | hiant /jɑ̃/ or /i.ɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | hié /je/ or /i.e/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | hie /i/ |
hies /i/ |
hie /i/ |
hions /jɔ̃/ or /i.ɔ̃/ |
hiez /je/ or /i.e/ |
hient /i/ |
imperfect | hiais /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ |
hiais /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ |
hiait /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ |
hiions /i.jɔ̃/ |
hiiez /i.je/ |
hiaient /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ | |
past historic2 | hiai /je/ or /i.e/ |
hias /ja/ or /i.a/ |
hia /ja/ or /i.a/ |
hiâmes /jam/ or /i.am/ |
hiâtes /jat/ or /i.at/ |
hièrent /jɛʁ/ or /i.ɛʁ/ | |
future | hierai /i.ʁe/ or /i.ə.ʁe/ |
hieras /i.ʁa/ or /i.ə.ʁa/ |
hiera /i.ʁa/ or /i.ə.ʁa/ |
hierons /i.ʁɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁɔ̃/ |
hierez /i.ʁe/ or /i.ə.ʁe/ |
hieront /i.ʁɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | hierais /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ |
hierais /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ |
hierait /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ |
hierions /i.ʁjɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
hieriez /i.ʁje/ or /i.ə.ʁje/ |
hieraient /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | hie /i/ |
hies /i/ |
hie /i/ |
hiions /i.jɔ̃/ |
hiiez /i.je/ |
hient /i/ |
imperfect2 | hiasse /jas/ or /i.as/ |
hiasses /jas/ or /i.as/ |
hiât /ja/ or /i.a/ |
hiassions /ja.sjɔ̃/ or /i.a.sjɔ̃/ |
hiassiez /ja.sje/ or /i.a.sje/ |
hiassent /jas/ or /i.as/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | hie /i/ |
— | hions /jɔ̃/ or /i.ɔ̃/ |
hiez /je/ or /i.e/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms edit
German edit
Alternative forms edit
- hie (archaic; except in hie und da)
Etymology edit
From Middle High German hier, from Old High German hier, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr. Cognate with Dutch hier, English here, Swedish här.
The predominant form in Middle High German and throughout modern dialects of High German is hie (and variants) with loss of the final -r. The form hier begins to gain ground from the late 16th century (in spite of Luther’s usage), which may point to influence by cognate Middle Low German hīr, hēr (where no r-less form seems to exist; but compare modern Limburgish heej).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
hier
- (location) here; in this place; refers to an environment one is currently in, or to something within reach
- Ich bin hier in diesem Dorf geboren. ― I was born here in this village.
- Setzen wir uns hier aufs Sofa. ― Let’s sit down here on the sofa.
- (location) there; right there; in that place; refers to something that is considered nearby, or can be seen and pointed at
- Synonym: da
- Die Kirche ist gleich hier am Ende der Straße. ― The church is right there at the end of the street.
- Siehst du die Wolke hier neben der Bergspitze? ― Can you see that cloud there next to the mountain top?
- (abstract) here (within this context)
- Die Frist wurde hier überhaupt nicht erwähnt. ― The deadline was not mentioned here at all.
- used with the definite article or the determiner dieser (“this, that”) to express proximity (“this”)
- Die Kneipe hier ist sehr beliebt. ― This pub is very popular.
- Hier der Stuhl ist kaputt. ― This chair is broken.
- Dieser Schrank hier ist 200 Jahre alt. ― This cupboard is 200 years old.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Interjection edit
hier
- (colloquial) Used for emphasis or to call for attention, often when changing the subject
- Hier, der Markus ist doch jetzt auch verheiratet, ne?
- Hey, wait, Markus is married now, too, isn't he?
Further reading edit
Hunsrik edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
hier
- here
- Bleib en bissje hier.
- Stay here for a while.
Synonyms edit
Further reading edit
Luxembourgish edit
Etymology edit
From Old High German hera. Compare German her.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
hier
See also edit
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
hier
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “hier”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “hier”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English edit
Noun edit
hier
- Alternative form of hire (“wages”)
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic хиер (xier).
Noun edit
hier m (plural hieri)
- the name of the "h" in the Cyrillic alphabet
Declension edit
Saterland Frisian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun edit
hier
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Frisian hīr, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr. Cognates include West Frisian hjir and German hier.
Adverb edit
hier
References edit
Slovak edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hier
West Frisian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Frisian hēr.
Noun edit
hier n or c (plural hierren, diminutive hierke)
Further reading edit
- “hier (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Frisian hēre, from Proto-West Germanic *hūʀiju.
Noun edit
hier c (plural hieren)
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “hier (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011