Wiktionary

δέω

Ancient Greek

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Hellenic *deyō, from Proto-Indo-European *deh₁- (“to bind”). Cognates include Sanskrit द्यति (dyati), Avestan 𐬥𐬍𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬄𐬨 (nīdiiātąm) and Albanian duaj.[1]

Alternative forms

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Verb

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δέω • (déō)

  1. to bind, tie, fasten, fetter
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.443:
      ἠέ με δήσαντες λίπετ’ αὐτόθι νηλέϊ δεσμῷ
      ēé me dḗsantes lípet’ autóthi nēléï desmôi
      or bind me with a cruel bond and leave me here
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.475:
      ὠκέες ἵπποι ἐξ ἐπιδιφριάδος πυμάτης ἱμᾶσι δέδεντο
      ōkées híppoi ex epidiphriádos pumátēs himâsi dédento
      his swift horses were tethered by the reins to the topmost rim of the chariot
    1. (figuratively)
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 3.54:
        ἀλλὰ κέρδει καὶ σοφία δέδεται.
        allà kérdei kaì sophía dédetai.
        But even skill is enthralled by the love of gain.
    2. (middle voice) to tie onto oneself
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.44:
        ποσσὶ δ’ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα
        possì d’ hupò liparoîsin edḗsato kalà pédila
        and beneath his shining feet he bound his fair sandals
    3. (with genitive) to hinder from
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.380:
        ἀλλὰ σύ πέρ μοι εἰπέ […] ὅς τίς μ’ ἀθανάτων πεδάᾳ καὶ ἔδησε κελεύθου
        allà sú pér moi eipé […] hós tís m’ athanátōn pedáāi kaì édēse keleúthou
        But do thou tell me […] who of the immortals fetters me here, and has hindered me from my path
    4. (medicine) to brace
Inflection
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Unlike the other bisyllabic -έω verbs which contract only ε+ε and ε+ει, δέω, when meaning 'bind', occasionally contracts ε+ο, ε+ω.

   Present: δέω, δέομαι (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δέω δέεις δέει δέετον δέετον δέομεν δέετε δέουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δέω δέῃς δέῃ δέητον δέητον δέωμεν δέητε δέωσῐ(ν)
optative δέοιμῐ δέοις δέοι δέοιτον δεοίτην δέοιμεν δέοιτε δέοιεν
imperative   δεῖ δεέτω δέετον δεέτων   δέετε δεόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δέομαι δέῃ,
δέει 		δέεται δέεσθον δέεσθον δεόμεθᾰ δέεσθε δέονται
subjunctive δέωμαι δέῃ δέηται δέησθον δέησθον δεώμεθᾰ δέησθε δέωνται
optative δεοίμην δέοιο δέοιτο δέοισθον δεοίσθην δεοίμεθᾰ δέοισθε δέοιντο
imperative   δέου δεέσθω δέεσθον δεέσθων   δέεσθε δεέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δέειν δέεσθαι
participle m δέων δεόμενος
f δέουσᾰ δεομένη
n δέον δεόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: δῶ, δοῦμαι (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῶ δεῖς δεῖ δεῖτον δεῖτον δοῦμεν δεῖτε δοῦσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δῶ δῇς δῇ δῆτον δῆτον δῶμεν δῆτε δῶσῐ(ν)
optative δοίην,
δοῖμῐ 		δοίης,
δοῖς 		δοίη,
δοῖ 		δοῖτον,
δοίητον 		δοίτην,
δοιήτην 		δοῖμεν,
δοίημεν 		δοῖτε,
δοίητε 		δοῖεν,
δοίησᾰν
imperative   δεῖ δείτω δεῖτον δείτων   δεῖτε δούντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δοῦμαι δεῖ,
δῇ 		δεῖται δεῖσθον δεῖσθον δούμεθᾰ δεῖσθε δοῦνται
subjunctive δῶμαι δῇ δῆται δῆσθον δῆσθον δώμεθᾰ δῆσθε δῶνται
optative δοίμην δοῖο δοῖτο δοῖσθον δοίσθην δοίμεθᾰ δοῖσθε δοῖντο
imperative   δοῦ δείσθω δεῖσθον δείσθων   δεῖσθε δείσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δεῖν δεῖσθαι
participle m δῶν δούμενος
f δοῦσᾰ δουμένη
n δοῦν δούμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔδεον, ἐδεόμην (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδεον ἔδεες ἔδεε(ν) ἐδέετον ἐδεέτην ἐδέομεν ἐδέετε ἔδεον
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐδεόμην ἐδέου ἐδέετο ἐδέεσθον ἐδεέσθην ἐδεόμεθᾰ ἐδέεσθε ἐδέοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔδουν, ἐδούμην (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδουν ἔδεις ἔδει ἐδεῖτον ἐδείτην ἐδοῦμεν ἐδεῖτε ἔδουν
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐδούμην ἐδοῦ ἐδεῖτο ἐδεῖσθον ἐδείσθην ἐδούμεθᾰ ἐδεῖσθε ἐδοῦντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: δεόμην (Epic, uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative δεόμην δέου δέετο δέεσθον δεέσθην δεόμε(σ)θᾰ δέεσθε δέοντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: δεύμην (Epic, contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative δεύμην δεῖο/δέο δεῖτο δεῖσθον δείσθην δεύμε(σ)θᾰ δεῖσθε δεῦντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: δήσω, δήσομαι, δεθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δήσω δήσεις δήσει δήσετον δήσετον δήσομεν δήσετε δήσουσῐ(ν)
optative δήσοιμῐ δήσοις δήσοι δήσοιτον δησοίτην δήσοιμεν δήσοιτε δήσοιεν
middle indicative δήσομαι δήσῃ,
δήσει 		δήσεται δήσεσθον δήσεσθον δησόμεθᾰ δήσεσθε δήσονται
optative δησοίμην δήσοιο δήσοιτο δήσοισθον δησοίσθην δησοίμεθᾰ δήσοισθε δήσοιντο
passive indicative δεθήσομαι δεθήσῃ δεθήσεται δεθήσεσθον δεθήσεσθον δεθησόμεθᾰ δεθήσεσθε δεθήσονται
optative δεθησοίμην δεθήσοιο δεθήσοιτο δεθήσοισθον δεθησοίσθην δεθησοίμεθᾰ δεθήσοισθε δεθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive δήσειν δήσεσθαι δεθήσεσθαι
participle m δήσων δησόμενος δεθησόμενος
f δήσουσᾰ δησομένη δεθησομένη
n δῆσον δησόμενον δεθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: δεδήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
passive indicative δεδήσομαι δεδήσῃ δεδήσεται δεδήσεσθον δεδήσεσθον δεδησόμεθᾰ δεδήσεσθε δεδήσονται
optative δεδησοίμην δεδήσοιο δεδήσοιτο δεδήσοισθον δεδησοίσθην δεδησοίμεθᾰ δεδήσοισθε δεδήσοιντο
passive
infinitive δεδήσεσθαι
participle m δεδησόμενος
f δεδησομένη
n δεδησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔδησᾰ, ἐδησᾰ́μην, ἐδέθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδησᾰ ἔδησᾰς ἔδησε(ν) ἐδήσᾰτον ἐδησᾰ́την ἐδήσᾰμεν ἐδήσᾰτε ἔδησᾰν
subjunctive δήσω δήσῃς δήσῃ δήσητον δήσητον δήσωμεν δήσητε δήσωσῐ(ν)
optative δήσαιμῐ δήσειᾰς,
δήσαις 		δήσειε(ν),
δήσαι 		δήσαιτον δησαίτην δήσαιμεν δήσαιτε δήσειᾰν,
δήσαιεν
imperative   δῆσον δησᾰ́τω δήσᾰτον δησᾰ́των   δήσᾰτε δησᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐδησᾰ́μην ἐδήσω ἐδήσᾰτο ἐδήσᾰσθον ἐδησᾰ́σθην ἐδησᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐδήσᾰσθε ἐδήσᾰντο
subjunctive δήσωμαι δήσῃ δήσηται δήσησθον δήσησθον δησώμεθᾰ δήσησθε δήσωνται
optative δησαίμην δήσαιο δήσαιτο δήσαισθον δησαίσθην δησαίμεθᾰ δήσαισθε δήσαιντο
imperative   δῆσαι δησᾰ́σθω δήσᾰσθον δησᾰ́σθων   δήσᾰσθε δησᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐδέθην ἐδέθης ἐδέθη ἐδέθητον ἐδεθήτην ἐδέθημεν ἐδέθητε ἐδέθησᾰν
subjunctive δεθῶ δεθῇς δεθῇ δεθῆτον δεθῆτον δεθῶμεν δεθῆτε δεθῶσῐ(ν)
optative δεθείην δεθείης δεθείη δεθεῖτον,
δεθείητον 		δεθείτην,
δεθειήτην 		δεθεῖμεν,
δεθείημεν 		δεθεῖτε,
δεθείητε 		δεθεῖεν,
δεθείησᾰν
imperative   δέθητῐ δεθήτω δέθητον δεθήτων   δέθητε δεθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive δῆσαι δήσᾰσθαι δεθῆναι
participle m δήσᾱς δησᾰ́μενος δεθείς
f δήσᾱσᾰ δησᾰμένη δεθεῖσᾰ
n δῆσᾰν δησᾰ́μενον δεθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: δῆσᾰ, δησᾰ́μην, δέθην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῆσᾰ δῆσᾰς δῆσε(ν) δήσᾰτον δησᾰ́την δήσᾰμεν δήσᾰτε δῆσᾰν
subjunctive δήσω,
δήσωμῐ 		δήσῃς,
δήσῃσθᾰ 		δήσῃ,
δήσῃσῐ 		δήσητον δήσητον δήσωμεν δήσητε δήσωσῐ(ν)
optative δήσαιμῐ δήσαις,
δήσαισθᾰ,
δήσειᾰς 		δήσειε(ν),
δήσαι 		δησεῖτον δησείτην δησεῖμεν δησεῖτε δησεῖεν
imperative   δῆσον δησᾰ́τω δήσᾰτον δησᾰ́των   δήσᾰτε δησᾰ́ντων
middle indicative δησᾰ́μην δήσᾰο δήσᾰτο δήσᾰσθον δησᾰ́σθην δησᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ δήσᾰσθε δήσᾰντο
subjunctive δήσωμαι δήσηαι δήσηται δήσησθον δήσησθον δησώμε(σ)θᾰ δήσησθε δήσωνται
optative δησαίμην δήσαιο δήσαιτο δήσαισθον δησαίσθην δησαίμε(σ)θᾰ δήσαισθε δησαίᾰτο
imperative   δῆσαι δησᾰ́σθω δήσᾰσθον δησᾰ́σθων   δήσᾰσθε δησᾰ́σθων
passive indicative δέθην δέθης δέθη δέθητον δεθήτην δέθημεν δέθητε δέθησᾰν,
δέθεν
subjunctive δεθῶ δεθῇς δεθῇ δεθῆτον δεθῆτον δεθῶμεν δεθῆτε δεθῶσῐ(ν)
optative δεθείην δεθείης δεθείη δεθεῖτον,
δεθείητον 		δεθείτην,
δεθειήτην 		δεθεῖμεν,
δεθείημεν 		δεθεῖτε,
δεθείητε 		δέθειεν,
δεθείησᾰν
imperative   δέθητῐ δεθήτω δέθητον δεθήτων   δέθητε δεθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive δῆσαι/δησᾰ́μεν/δησᾰμέναι δήσᾰσθαι δεθῆναι/δεθήμεναι
participle m δήσᾱς δησᾰ́μενος δεθείς
f δήσᾱσᾰ δησᾰμένη δεθεῖσᾰ
n δῆσᾰν δησᾰ́μενον δεθέν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: δέδεκᾰ, δέδεμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δέδεκᾰ δέδεκᾰς δέδεκε(ν) δεδέκᾰτον δεδέκᾰτον δεδέκᾰμεν δεδέκᾰτε δεδέκᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δεδέκω δεδέκῃς δεδέκῃ δεδέκητον δεδέκητον δεδέκωμεν δεδέκητε δεδέκωσῐ(ν)
optative δεδέκοιμῐ,
δεδεκοίην 		δεδέκοις,
δεδεκοίης 		δεδέκοι,
δεδεκοίη 		δεδέκοιτον δεδεκοίτην δεδέκοιμεν δεδέκοιτε δεδέκοιεν
imperative   δέδεκε δεδεκέτω δεδέκετον δεδεκέτων   δεδέκετε δεδεκόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δέδεμαι δέδεσαι δέδεται δέδεσθον δέδεσθον δεδέμεθᾰ δέδεσθε δέδενται
subjunctive δεδεμένος ὦ δεδεμένος ᾖς δεδεμένος ᾖ δεδεμένω ἦτον δεδεμένω ἦτον δεδεμένοι ὦμεν δεδεμένοι ἦτε δεδεμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative δεδεμένος εἴην δεδεμένος εἴης δεδεμένος εἴη δεδεμένω εἴητον/εἶτον δεδεμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην δεδεμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν δεδεμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε δεδεμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   δέδεσο δεδέσθω δέδεσθον δεδέσθων   δέδεσθε δεδέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δεδεκέναι δεδέσθαι
participle m δεδεκώς δεδεμένος
f δεδεκυῖᾰ δεδεμένη
n δεδεκός δεδεμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐδεδέκειν, ἐδεδέμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐδεδέκειν,
ἐδεδέκη 		ἐδεδέκεις,
ἐδεδέκης 		ἐδεδέκει(ν) ἐδεδέκετον ἐδεδεκέτην ἐδεδέκεμεν ἐδεδέκετε ἐδεδέκεσᾰν
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐδεδέμην ἐδέδεσο ἐδέδετο ἐδέδεσθον ἐδεδέσθην ἐδεδέμεθᾰ ἐδέδεσθε ἐδέδεντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: δεδέκειν, δεδέμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δεδέκειν,
δεδέκη 		δεδέκεις,
δεδέκης 		δεδέκει(ν) δεδέκετον δεδεκέτην δεδέκεμεν δεδέκετε δεδέκεσᾰν
middle/
passive 		indicative δεδέμην δέδεσο δέδετο δέδεσθον δεδέσθην δεδέμεθᾰ δέδεσθε δέδεντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Greek: δένω (déno)

References

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  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δέω 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 321-2

Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Apparently from a Proto-Hellenic *dew(s)- (“to miss, want, need”) (without the *-s- if the earlier form was *δέϝω (*déwō), with the *-s- if the earlier form was *δεύσ-ω (*deús-ō)). In the latter case, perhaps cognate with Sanskrit दोष (doṣa, “fault, deficiency”). See also δῠσ- (dus-, “dys-, bad”), δεῖ (deî, “one must”).[1]

Alternative forms

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Verb

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δέω • (déō)

  1. to lack, need, require [with genitive ‘something, someone’]
    • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 277d:
      παραδείγματος […] αὖ μοι καὶ τὸ παράδειγμα αὐτὸ δεδέηκεν.
      paradeígmatos […] aû moi kaì tò parádeigma autò dedéēken.
      The very example I employ requires another example.
    1. with πολλοῦ (polloû) to be far from being able to do [with infinitive ‘something’]
      • 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 30d:
        πολλοῦ δέω ἐγὼ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ ἀπολογεῖσθαι
        polloû déō egṑ hupèr emautoû apologeîsthai
        I am far from giving a defense for myself
    2. participle δέων (déōn)
      1. modifying a noun, with genitive of the number by which something is less than another thing: lacking a number: a number less than something, something minus a number; often used to express numbers ending in 8 or 9
        • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.14.1:
          δυῶν δέοντα τεσσεράκοντα ἔτεα
          duôn déonta tesserákonta étea
          forty minus two years; two less than forty years [= 38 years]
      2. with both the participle and the number in the genitive: genitive absolute: with a number lacking, a number less than
  2. (middle voice, never impersonal, transitive) to lack, not have, or need [with genitive ‘something’]
    • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1148:
      ἐπεὶ τὰ σὰ δεῖται κολαστοῦ μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ τοῦδ᾽ ἔπη.
      Your words need rebuking more than his.
    1. (intransitive) to need [with infinitive ‘to do something’]
      • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 392d:
        ἔτι δέομαι σαφέστερον μαθεῖν
        éti déomai saphésteron matheîn
        I still need to understand more plainly.
    2. (intransitive) to be in need
      οἱ δεόμενοι
      hoi deómenoi
      the needy
    3. (transitive) to beg [with genitive ‘something’ and genitive ‘from someone’; or with genitive ‘someone’ and infinitive ‘to do something’]
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.157.1:
        ἐπιτρέπεσθαι ἕτοιμοι ἦσαν τῶν ἐδέετο σφέων
        epitrépesthai hétoimoi êsan tôn edéeto sphéōn
        they were ready to entrust to him all that he asked from them
  3. (construction)
    1. (peculiar Attic phrase)
      1. (οἴομαι δεῖν) to hold it necessary, think it one's duty
Usage notes
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The third person and non-finite forms are also used impersonally: see δεῖ (deî).

Other forms: δεοῦμαι (deoûmai) for δεήσομαι (deḗsomai) (Doric: Epicharmus, Collected Works 120).

Inflection
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This δέω, meaning “need”, follows the pattern of the -έω bisyllabic verbs: it contracts only to ει.

   Present: δέω, δέομαι (Contracted only to ει)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δέω δεῖς δεῖ δεῖτον δεῖτον δέομεν δεῖτε δέουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δέω δέῃς δέῃ δέητον δέητον δέωμεν δέητε δέωσῐ(ν)
optative δέοιμῐ δέοις δέοι δέοιτον δεοίτην δέοιμεν δέοιτε δέοιεν
imperative   δεῖ δείτω δεῖτον δείτων   δεῖτε δεόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δέομαι δέῃ,
δεῖ 		δεῖται δεῖσθον δεῖσθον δεόμεθᾰ δεῖσθε δέονται
subjunctive δέωμαι δέῃ δέηται δέησθον δέησθον δεώμεθᾰ δέησθε δέωνται
optative δεοίμην δέοιο δέοιτο δέοισθον δεοίσθην δεοίμεθᾰ δέοισθε δέοιντο
imperative   δέου δείσθω δεῖσθον δείσθων   δεῖσθε δείσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δεῖν δεῖσθαι
participle m δέων δεόμενος
f δέουσᾰ δεομένη
n δέον δεόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: δέω, δέομαι (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δέω δέεις δέει δέετον δέετον δέομεν δέετε δέουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δέω δέῃς δέῃ δέητον δέητον δέωμεν δέητε δέωσῐ(ν)
optative δέοιμῐ δέοις δέοι δέοιτον δεοίτην δέοιμεν δέοιτε δέοιεν
imperative   δέε δεέτω δέετον δεέτων   δέετε δεόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δέομαι δέῃ,
δέει 		δέεται δέεσθον δέεσθον δεόμεθᾰ δέεσθε δέονται
subjunctive δέωμαι δέῃ δέηται δέησθον δέησθον δεώμεθᾰ δέησθε δέωνται
optative δεοίμην δέοιο δέοιτο δέοισθον δεοίσθην δεοίμεθᾰ δέοισθε δέοιντο
imperative   δέου δεέσθω δέεσθον δεέσθων   δέεσθε δεέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δέειν δέεσθαι
participle m δέων δεόμενος
f δέουσᾰ δεομένη
n δέον δεόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔδεον, ἐδεόμην (Contracted only to ει)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδεον ἔδεις ἔδει(ν) ἐδεῖτον ἐδείτην ἐδέομεν ἐδεῖτε ἔδεον
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐδεόμην ἐδέου ἐδεῖτο ἐδεῖσθον ἐδείσθην ἐδεόμεθᾰ ἐδεῖσθε ἐδέοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔδεον, ἐδεόμην (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδεον ἔδεες ἔδεε(ν) ἐδέετον ἐδεέτην ἐδέομεν ἐδέετε ἔδεον
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐδεόμην ἐδέου ἐδέετο ἐδέεσθον ἐδεέσθην ἐδεόμεθᾰ ἐδέεσθε ἐδέοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: δεήσω, δεήσομαι, δεηθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δεήσω δεήσεις δεήσει δεήσετον δεήσετον δεήσομεν δεήσετε δεήσουσῐ(ν)
optative δεήσοιμῐ δεήσοις δεήσοι δεήσοιτον δεησοίτην δεήσοιμεν δεήσοιτε δεήσοιεν
middle indicative δεήσομαι δεήσῃ,
δεήσει 		δεήσεται δεήσεσθον δεήσεσθον δεησόμεθᾰ δεήσεσθε δεήσονται
optative δεησοίμην δεήσοιο δεήσοιτο δεήσοισθον δεησοίσθην δεησοίμεθᾰ δεήσοισθε δεήσοιντο
passive indicative δεηθήσομαι δεηθήσῃ δεηθήσεται δεηθήσεσθον δεηθήσεσθον δεηθησόμεθᾰ δεηθήσεσθε δεηθήσονται
optative δεηθησοίμην δεηθήσοιο δεηθήσοιτο δεηθήσοισθον δεηθησοίσθην δεηθησοίμεθᾰ δεηθήσοισθε δεηθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive δεήσειν δεήσεσθαι δεηθήσεσθαι
participle m δεήσων δεησόμενος δεηθησόμενος
f δεήσουσᾰ δεησομένη δεηθησομένη
n δεῆσον δεησόμενον δεηθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐδέησᾰ, ἐδεησᾰ́μην, ἐδεήθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐδέησᾰ ἐδέησᾰς ἐδέησε(ν) ἐδεήσᾰτον ἐδεησᾰ́την ἐδεήσᾰμεν ἐδεήσᾰτε ἐδέησᾰν
subjunctive δεήσω δεήσῃς δεήσῃ δεήσητον δεήσητον δεήσωμεν δεήσητε δεήσωσῐ(ν)
optative δεήσαιμῐ δεήσειᾰς,
δεήσαις 		δεήσειε(ν),
δεήσαι 		δεήσαιτον δεησαίτην δεήσαιμεν δεήσαιτε δεήσειᾰν,
δεήσαιεν
imperative   δέησον δεησᾰ́τω δεήσᾰτον δεησᾰ́των   δεήσᾰτε δεησᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐδεησᾰ́μην ἐδεήσω ἐδεήσᾰτο ἐδεήσᾰσθον ἐδεησᾰ́σθην ἐδεησᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐδεήσᾰσθε ἐδεήσᾰντο
subjunctive δεήσωμαι δεήσῃ δεήσηται δεήσησθον δεήσησθον δεησώμεθᾰ δεήσησθε δεήσωνται
optative δεησαίμην δεήσαιο δεήσαιτο δεήσαισθον δεησαίσθην δεησαίμεθᾰ δεήσαισθε δεήσαιντο
imperative   δέησαι δεησᾰ́σθω δεήσᾰσθον δεησᾰ́σθων   δεήσᾰσθε δεησᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐδεήθην ἐδεήθης ἐδεήθη ἐδεήθητον ἐδεηθήτην ἐδεήθημεν ἐδεήθητε ἐδεήθησᾰν
subjunctive δεηθῶ δεηθῇς δεηθῇ δεηθῆτον δεηθῆτον δεηθῶμεν δεηθῆτε δεηθῶσῐ(ν)
optative δεηθείην δεηθείης δεηθείη δεηθεῖτον,
δεηθείητον 		δεηθείτην,
δεηθειήτην 		δεηθεῖμεν,
δεηθείημεν 		δεηθεῖτε,
δεηθείητε 		δεηθεῖεν,
δεηθείησᾰν
imperative   δεήθητῐ δεηθήτω δεήθητον δεηθήτων   δεήθητε δεηθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive δεῆσαι δεήσᾰσθαι δεηθῆναι
participle m δεήσᾱς δεησᾰ́μενος δεηθείς
f δεήσᾱσᾰ δεησᾰμένη δεηθεῖσᾰ
n δεῆσᾰν δεησᾰ́μενον δεηθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: δεδέηκᾰ, δεδέημαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δεδέηκᾰ δεδέηκᾰς δεδέηκε(ν) δεδεήκᾰτον δεδεήκᾰτον δεδεήκᾰμεν δεδεήκᾰτε δεδεήκᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δεδεήκω δεδεήκῃς δεδεήκῃ δεδεήκητον δεδεήκητον δεδεήκωμεν δεδεήκητε δεδεήκωσῐ(ν)
optative δεδεήκοιμῐ,
δεδεηκοίην 		δεδεήκοις,
δεδεηκοίης 		δεδεήκοι,
δεδεηκοίη 		δεδεήκοιτον δεδεηκοίτην δεδεήκοιμεν δεδεήκοιτε δεδεήκοιεν
imperative   δεδέηκε δεδεηκέτω δεδεήκετον δεδεηκέτων   δεδεήκετε δεδεηκόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δεδέημαι δεδέησαι δεδέηται δεδέησθον δεδέησθον δεδεήμεθᾰ δεδέησθε δεδέηνται
subjunctive δεδεημένος ὦ δεδεημένος ᾖς δεδεημένος ᾖ δεδεημένω ἦτον δεδεημένω ἦτον δεδεημένοι ὦμεν δεδεημένοι ἦτε δεδεημένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative δεδεημένος εἴην δεδεημένος εἴης δεδεημένος εἴη δεδεημένω εἴητον/εἶτον δεδεημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην δεδεημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν δεδεημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε δεδεημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   δεδέησο δεδεήσθω δεδέησθον δεδεήσθων   δεδέησθε δεδεήσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δεδεηκέναι δεδεῆσθαι
participle m δεδεηκώς δεδεημένος
f δεδεηκυῖᾰ δεδεημένη
n δεδεηκός δεδεημένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • → Greek: δέω (déo) (learned)

References

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  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δέω 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 322

Further reading

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Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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δέω • (déō)

  1. Alternative form of δήω (dḗō)

Greek

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δέω (déō, “to need”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈðe.o/
  • Hyphenation: δέ‧ω

Verb

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δέω • (déo) (past εδέησα/δέησα, passive δέομαι)

  1. (active voice, only in perfective stem) to make possible (dated, also used ironically) e.g.
    εδέησα (edéisa, past tense, retaining the old syllabic augment ε-)
    Εδέησε να μου επιστρέψει το βιβλίο που του είχα δανείσει.
    Edéise na mou epistrépsei to vivlío pou tou eícha daneísei.
    S/he finally (succeeded to) return the book I had lent him/her.
    1. (third person, impersonal) [with να (na)]
      Μετά την ξηρασία, εδέησε να βρέξει.
      Metá tin xirasía, edéise na vréxei.
      After the drought, it finally rained.
      Also see the ancient uncontracted δει (dei, “it is needed”)
  2. (middle voice) See δέομαι (déomai, “pray to God”).

Conjugation

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δέω   δέομαι
Active voice ➤ Passive voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
Non-past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤ Present Dependent
1 sg — δεήσω δέομαι δεηθώ
2 sg — δεήσεις δέεσαι δεηθείς
3 sg {δει}1 δεήσει δέεται δεηθεί
1 pl — δεήσουμε, [‑ομε] δεόμαστε δεηθούμε
2 pl — δεήσετε δέεστε, (δεόσαστε) δεηθείτε
3 pl — δεήσουν(ε) δέονται δεηθούν(ε)
Past tenses ➤ Imperfect ➤ Simple past ➤ Imperfect Simple past
1 sg — εδέησα, (δέησα)3 δεόμουν(α)4 δεήθηκα
2 sg — εδέησες, δέησες δεόσουν(α) δεήθηκες
3 sg {έδει}2 εδέησε, δέησε δεόταν(ε) δεήθηκε, {εδεήθη}
1 pl — δεήσαμε δεόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) δεηθήκαμε
2 pl — δεήσατε δεόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) δεηθήκατε
3 pl — εδέησαν, δέησαν, (δεήσαν[ε]) δέονταν, (δεόντουσαν) δεήθηκαν, (δεηθήκαν[ε]), {εδεήθησαν}
Future tenses ➤ Continuous ➤ Simple ➤ Continuous Simple
1 sg — ➤ θα δεήσω ➤ θα δέομαι ➤ θα δεηθώ ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl — θα δεήσεις, … θα δέεσαι, … θα δεηθείς, …
Perfect aspect ➤ Perfect aspect
Present perfect ➤   έχω, έχεις, … δεήσει   έχω, έχεις, … δεηθεί
Past perfect ➤   είχα, είχες, … δεήσει   είχα, είχες, … δεηθεί
Future perfect ➤   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … δεήσει   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … δεηθεί
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
2 sg — δέησε — δεήσου
2 pl — δεήστε δέεστε δεηθείτε
Other forms Active voice Passive voice
Present participle➤ {δέων, δέουσα, δέον} ➤
— ➤ 		δεόμενος, δεόμενη/{δεομένη}, δεόμενο ➤
Perfect participle➤ έχοντας δεήσει ➤ —
Nonfinite form➤ δεήσει δεηθεί
Notes  
 
Appendix:Greek verbs 		 1. Impersonal ancient δεῖ (“it is needed”), contracted form of δέει. Survives in set phrases.
 2. Surviving in set phrases, the ancient ἔδει (“it was needed”).
 3. The syllabic augment ε- is retained as in the ancient ἐδέησα. More rare are the modern forms without augment: δέησα, ...
 4. The modern -όμουνα, -όσουνα, -ότανε endings are less frequent for ancient verbs.
 • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.
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Compounds (and see their related words)

and

Also see related words of δένω (déno) deriving from the second sense of δέω.

See also

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  • the unrelated δέος n (déos, “awe”)
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