παύω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editDisputed. Some sources trace the word back to Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little”), in which case it would be cognate with Old Armenian հաւ (haw, “beginning”), Latin paucus, Old English fēaw (English few), but Beekes leaves the etymology open, saying that there are no certain cognates outside Greek.[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pǎu̯.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpa.wo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpa.βo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpa.vo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpa.vo/
Verb
editπαύω • (paúō)
- to make to cease
- (intransitive, in imperative) cease, leave off
- 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Demeter 351
- Comica Adespota 601
- Theopompus Comicus, Collected Works 62
- Philetaerus Comicus, Collected Works 6
Inflection
edit Present: παύω, παύομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | παύω | παύεις | παύει | παύετον | παύετον | παύομεν | παύετε | παύουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | παύω | παύῃς | παύῃ | παύητον | παύητον | παύωμεν | παύητε | παύωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | παύοιμῐ | παύοις | παύοι | παύοιτον | παυοίτην | παύοιμεν | παύοιτε | παύοιεν | |||||
imperative | παῦε | παυέτω | παύετον | παυέτων | παύετε | παυόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | παύομαι | παύῃ, παύει |
παύεται | παύεσθον | παύεσθον | παυόμεθᾰ | παύεσθε | παύονται | ||||
subjunctive | παύωμαι | παύῃ | παύηται | παύησθον | παύησθον | παυώμεθᾰ | παύησθε | παύωνται | |||||
optative | παυοίμην | παύοιο | παύοιτο | παύοισθον | παυοίσθην | παυοίμεθᾰ | παύοισθε | παύοιντο | |||||
imperative | παύου | παυέσθω | παύεσθον | παυέσθων | παύεσθε | παυέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | παύειν | παύεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | παύων | παυόμενος | ||||||||||
f | παύουσᾰ | παυομένη | |||||||||||
n | παῦον | παυόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔπαυον | ἔπαυες | ἔπαυε(ν) | ἐπαύετον | ἐπαυέτην | ἐπαύομεν | ἐπαύετε | ἔπαυον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπαυόμην | ἐπαύου | ἐπαύετο | ἐπαύεσθον | ἐπαυέσθην | ἐπαυόμεθᾰ | ἐπαύεσθε | ἐπαύοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | παύεσκον | παύεσκες | παύεσκε(ν) | παυέσκετον | παυεσκέτην | παυέσκομεν | παυέσκετε | παύεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | παυεσκόμην | παυέσκου | παυέσκετο | παυέσκεσθον | παυεσκέσθην | παυεσκόμεθᾰ | παυέσκεσθε | παυέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: παυθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | παυθήσομαι | παυθήσῃ | παυθήσεται | παυθήσεσθον | παυθήσεσθον | παυθησόμεθᾰ | παυθήσεσθε | παυθήσονται | ||||
optative | παυθησοίμην | παυθήσοιο | παυθήσοιτο | παυθήσοισθον | παυθησοίσθην | παυθησοίμεθᾰ | παυθήσοισθε | παυθήσοιντο | |||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | παυθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | παυθησόμενος | |||||||||||
f | παυθησομένη | ||||||||||||
n | παυθησόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἐπαύθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἐπαύθην | ἐπαύθης | ἐπαύθη | ἐπαύθητον | ἐπαυθήτην | ἐπαύθημεν | ἐπαύθητε | ἐπαύθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | παυθῶ | παυθῇς | παυθῇ | παυθῆτον | παυθῆτον | παυθῶμεν | παυθῆτε | παυθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | παυθείην | παυθείης | παυθείη | παυθεῖτον, παυθείητον |
παυθείτην, παυθειήτην |
παυθεῖμεν, παυθείημεν |
παυθεῖτε, παυθείητε |
παυθεῖεν, παυθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | παύθητῐ | παυθήτω | παύθητον | παυθήτων | παύθητε | παυθέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | παυθῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | παυθείς | |||||||||||
f | παυθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | παυθέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐπεπαύκειν, ἐπεπαύμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπεπαύκειν, ἐπεπαύκη |
ἐπεπαύκεις, ἐπεπαύκης |
ἐπεπαύκει(ν) | ἐπεπαύκετον | ἐπεπαυκέτην | ἐπεπαύκεμεν | ἐπεπαύκετε | ἐπεπαύκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπεπαύμην | ἐπέπαυσο | ἐπέπαυτο | ἐπέπαυσθον | ἐπεπαύσθην | ἐπεπαύμεθᾰ | ἐπέπαυσθε | ἐπέπαυντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “παύω, -ομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1159
Further reading
edit- “παύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “παύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “παύω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- παύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- παύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “παύω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- παύω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- G3973 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
editEtymology
editInherited from Ancient Greek παύω (paúō).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editπαύω • (pávo) (past έπαψα/έπαυσα, passive παύομαι)
- to stop, cease
- έπαψα να πηγαίνω ― épapsa na pigaíno ― I stopped going
- to pause
- to depose, relieve of duties
- Ο πρωθυπουργός έπαυσε τον υπουργό.
- O prothypourgós épafse ton ypourgó.
- The prime minister was removed from office.
Conjugation
editπαύω παύομαι
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | παύω | πάψω, παύσω | παύομαι | παυτώ, παυθώ |
2 sg | παύεις | πάψεις, παύσεις | παύεσαι | παυτείς, παυθείς |
3 sg | παύει | πάψει, παύσει | παύεται | παυτεί, παυθεί |
1 pl | παύουμε, [‑ομε] | πάψουμε, [‑ομε], παύσουμε, [‑ομε] | παυόμαστε | παυτούμε, παυθούμε |
2 pl | παύετε | πάψετε, παύσετε | παύεστε, παυόσαστε | παυτείτε, παυθείτε |
3 pl | παύουν(ε) | πάψουν(ε), παύσουν(ε) | παύονται | παυτούν(ε), παυθούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | έπαυα | έπαψα, έπαυσα | παυόμουν(α) | παύτηκα, παύθηκα |
2 sg | έπαυες | έπαψες, έπαυσες | παυόσουν(α) | παύτηκες, παύθηκες |
3 sg | έπαυε | έπαψε, έπαυσε | παυόταν(ε) | παύτηκε, παύθηκε |
1 pl | παύαμε | πάψαμε, παύσαμε | παυόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | παυτήκαμε, παυθήκαμε |
2 pl | παύατε | πάψατε, παύσατε | παυόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | παυτήκατε, παυθήκατε |
3 pl | έπαυαν, παύαν(ε) | έπαψαν, πάψαν(ε), έπαυσαν | παύονταν, (παυόντουσαν) | παύτηκαν, παυτήκαν(ε), παύθηκαν, παυθήκαν(ε) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα παύω ➤ | θα πάψω / παύσω ➤ | θα παύομαι ➤ | θα παυτώ / παυθώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα παύεις, … | θα πάψεις / παύσεις, … | θα παύεσαι, … | θα παυτείς / παυθείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … πάψει / παύσει | έχω, έχεις, … παυτεί / παυθεί είμαι, είσαι, … παυμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … πάψει / παύσει | είχα, είχες, … παυτεί / παυθεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … παυμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … πάψει / παύσει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … παυτεί / παυθεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … παυμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | παύε | πάψε / παύ' 1, παύσε | — | πάψου, παύσου |
2 pl | παύετε | πάψτε / παύτε2, παύστε | παύεστε | παυτείτε, παυθείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | παύοντας ➤ | — | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας πάψει / παύσει ➤ | παυμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | πάψει, παύσει | παυτεί, παυθεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Colloquial apocopic perfective imperative + accusative of article & noun or weak pronouns e.g. παύ' τον ("depose him!"). 2. Colloquial. • The active -αυσ- and the passive -αυθ- types are more formal. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Related terms
edit- ακατάπαυστος (akatápafstos, “unceasing”)
- αναπαύω (anapávo, “rest, relax”) & related
- άπαυτος (ápaftos, “unceasing”)
- άπαυστος (ápafstos, “unceasing”)
- επαναπαύω (epanapávo)
- καταπαύω (katapávo, “cease”)
- παύση f (páfsi, “pause; ceasing”) & compounds
- παυσίλυπος (pafsílypos, “ending sorrow”)
- παυσίπονο n (pafsípono, “painkiller”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek intransitive verbs
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek verb conjugation group '-εύω combinations'