φέρω
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Hellenic *pʰérō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti. Cognates include Old English beran (English bear), Latin ferō, Sanskrit भरति (bhárati), Old Armenian բերեմ (berem), and Albanian bie.
The future paradigm οἴσω (oísō) is derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₃eyt- (“to fetch”). Cognates include Latin ūtor (“to use”).
The aorist ἤνεγκα (ḗnenka, “I brought”) is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂nónḱe, reduplicated perfect of *h₂neḱ- (“to bring”). Cognates include Old Irish ·ánaic (preterite of ·icc) and Sanskrit आनंश (ānáṃśa, “I have attained”) (perfect of अश्नुते (aśnuté)).
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰé.rɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰe.ro/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸe.ro/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfe.ro/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfe.ro/
Verb
editφέρω • (phérō)
Usage notes
editBoth φέρω (phérō) and ἄγω (ágō) mean “bring”, but φέρω (phérō) is used when the object is an inanimate object, while ἄγω (ágō) is used when the object is animate (a person or animal).
Inflection
editnumber | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φέρω | φέρεις | φέρει | φέρετον | φέρετον | φέρομεν | φέρετε | φέρουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | φέρω | φέρῃς | φέρῃ | φέρητον | φέρητον | φέρωμεν | φέρητε | φέρωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φέροιμῐ | φέροις | φέροι | φέροιτον | φεροίτην | φέροιμεν | φέροιτε | φέροιεν | |||||
imperative | φέρε | φερέτω | φέρετον | φερέτων | φέρετε | φερόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | φέρομαι | φέρῃ, φέρει |
φέρεται | φέρεσθον | φέρεσθον | φερόμεθᾰ | φέρεσθε | φέρονται | ||||
subjunctive | φέρωμαι | φέρῃ | φέρηται | φέρησθον | φέρησθον | φερώμεθᾰ | φέρησθε | φέρωνται | |||||
optative | φεροίμην | φέροιο | φέροιτο | φέροισθον | φεροίσθην | φεροίμεθᾰ | φέροισθε | φέροιντο | |||||
imperative | φέρου | φερέσθω | φέρεσθον | φερέσθων | φέρεσθε | φερέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | φέρειν | φέρεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | φέρων | φερόμενος | ||||||||||
f | φέρουσᾰ | φερομένη | |||||||||||
n | φέρον | φερόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφερον | ἔφερες | ἔφερε(ν) | ἐφέρετον | ἐφερέτην | ἐφέρομεν | ἐφέρετε | ἔφερον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφερόμην | ἐφέρου | ἐφέρετο | ἐφέρεσθον | ἐφερέσθην | ἐφερόμεθᾰ | ἐφέρεσθε | ἐφέροντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φέρον | φέρες | φέρε(ν) | φέρετον | φερέτην | φέρομεν | φέρετε | φέρον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | φερόμην | φέρου | φέρετο | φέρεσθον | φερέσθην | φερόμε(σ)θᾰ | φέρεσθε | φέροντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | οἴσω | οἴσεις | οἴσει | οἴσετον | οἴσετον | οἴσομεν | οἴσετε | οἴσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | οἴσοιμῐ | οἴσοις | οἴσοι | οἴσοιτον | οἰσοίτην | οἴσοιμεν | οἴσοιτε | οἴσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | οἴσομαι | οἴσῃ, οἴσει |
οἴσεται | οἴσεσθον | οἴσεσθον | οἰσόμεθᾰ | οἴσεσθε | οἴσονται | ||||
optative | οἰσοίμην | οἴσοιο | οἴσοιτο | οἴσοισθον | οἰσοίσθην | οἰσοίμεθᾰ | οἴσοισθε | οἴσοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | οἰσθήσομαι | οἰσθήσῃ | οἰσθήσεται | οἰσθήσεσθον | οἰσθήσεσθον | οἰσθησόμεθᾰ | οἰσθήσεσθε | οἰσθήσονται | ||||
optative | οἰσθησοίμην | οἰσθήσοιο | οἰσθήσοιτο | οἰσθήσοισθον | οἰσθησοίσθην | οἰσθησοίμεθᾰ | οἰσθήσοισθε | οἰσθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | οἴσειν | οἴσεσθαι | οἰσθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | οἴσων | οἰσόμενος | οἰσθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | οἴσουσᾰ | οἰσομένη | οἰσθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | οἶσον | οἰσόμενον | οἰσθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | οἴσω | οἴσεις | οἴσει | οἴσετον | οἴσετον | οἴσομεν | οἴσετε | οἴσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | οἴσοιμῐ | οἴσοισ(θᾰ) | οἴσοι | οἴσοιτον | οἰσοίτην | οἴσοιμεν | οἴσοιτε | οἴσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | οἴσομαι | οἴσεαι | οἴσεται | οἴσεσθον | οἴσεσθον | οἰσόμε(σ)θᾰ | οἴσεσθε | οἴσονται | ||||
optative | οἰσοίμην | οἴσοιο | οἴσοιτο | οἴσοισθον | οἰσοίσθην | οἰσοίμε(σ)θᾰ | οἴσοισθε | οἰσοίᾰτο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | οἴσειν/οἰσέμεν(αι)/οἰσμέναι | οἴσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | οἴσων | οἰσόμενος | ||||||||||
f | οἴσουσᾰ | οἰσομένη | |||||||||||
n | οἶσον | οἰσόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἐνεχθήσομαι | ἐνεχθήσῃ | ἐνεχθήσεται | ἐνεχθήσεσθον | ἐνεχθήσεσθον | ἐνεχθησόμεθᾰ | ἐνεχθήσεσθε | ἐνεχθήσονται | ||||
optative | ἐνεχθησοίμην | ἐνεχθήσοιο | ἐνεχθήσοιτο | ἐνεχθήσοισθον | ἐνεχθησοίσθην | ἐνεχθησοίμεθᾰ | ἐνεχθήσοισθε | ἐνεχθήσοιντο | |||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐνεχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐνεχθησόμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἐνεχθησομένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἐνεχθησόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἠνέχθην | ἠνέχθης | ἠνέχθη | ἠνέχθητον | ἠνεχθήτην | ἠνέχθημεν | ἠνέχθητε | ἠνέχθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ἐνεχθῶ | ἐνεχθῇς | ἐνεχθῇ | ἐνεχθῆτον | ἐνεχθῆτον | ἐνεχθῶμεν | ἐνεχθῆτε | ἐνεχθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐνεχθείην | ἐνεχθείης | ἐνεχθείη | ἐνεχθεῖτον, ἐνεχθείητον |
ἐνεχθείτην, ἐνεχθειήτην |
ἐνεχθεῖμεν, ἐνεχθείημεν |
ἐνεχθεῖτε, ἐνεχθείητε |
ἐνεχθεῖεν, ἐνεχθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ἐνέχθητῐ | ἐνεχθήτω | ἐνέχθητον | ἐνεχθήτων | ἐνέχθητε | ἐνεχθέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐνεχθῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐνεχθείς | |||||||||||
f | ἐνεχθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἐνεχθέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐνηνόχειν, ἐνηνόχη |
ἐνηνόχεις, ἐνηνόχης |
ἐνηνόχει(ν) | ἐνηνόχετον | ἐνηνοχέτην | ἐνηνόχεμεν | ἐνηνόχετε | ἐνηνόχεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐνηνέγμην | ἐνήνεξο | ἐνήνεκτο | ἐνήνεχθον | ἐνηνέχθην | ἐνηνέγμεθᾰ | ἐνήνεχθε | ἐνηνέγᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
edit- ἀμφορεύς (amphoreús)
- ἀναφέρω (anaphérō)
- ἀποφέρω (apophérō)
- εἰσφέρω (eisphérō)
- ἐκφέρω (ekphérō)
- ἐπιφέρω (epiphérō)
- καταφέρω (kataphérō)
- μεταφέρω (metaphérō)
- περιφέρω (periphérō)
- προσφέρω (prosphérō)
- συμφέρω (sumphérō)
- φερανθής (pheranthḗs)
- φέρασπις (phéraspis)
- φεραυγής (pheraugḗs)
- φερέβοτρυς (pherébotrus)
- φερέγγυος (pherénguos)
- φερεγλαγής (phereglagḗs)
- φερέζυγος (pherézugos)
- φερέζωος (pherézōos)
- φερέκακος (pherékakos)
- φερέκαρπος (pherékarpos)
- φερεκλεής (pherekleḗs)
- φερέκοσμος (pherékosmos)
- φερεκυδής (pherekudḗs)
- Φερενίκη (Phereníkē)
- φερένικος (pherénikos)
- φερέοινος (pheréoinos)
- φερέπολις (pherépolis)
- φερεπονία (phereponía)
- φερέπονος (pheréponos)
- φερέπτερος (pherépteros)
- φερεστάφυλος (pherestáphulos)
- φερέσταχυς (pheréstakhus)
- φερεστέφανος (pherestéphanos)
- φέρετρον (phéretron)
- φέρμα (phérma)
- φερνή (phernḗ)
- φέρνιον (phérnion)
- φερόλβιος (pherólbios)
- φέροπλος (phéroplos)
- φερτάζω (phertázō)
- φερώνυμος (pherṓnumos)
- φόρεω (phóreō)
- φορμός (phormós)
- φορολογία (phorología)
- φορόλογος (phorólogos)
- -φόρος (-phóros)
- φορός (phorós)
- φόρταξ (phórtax)
- φορτηγός (phortēgós)
- φορτίζω (phortízō)
- φορτικός (phortikós)
- φορτίον (phortíon)
- φόρτος (phórtos)
- φορτόω (phortóō)
Descendants
editReferences
edit- “φέρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φέρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φέρω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φέρω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- φέρω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φέρω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5342 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- “φέρω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- achieve idem, page 8.
- acquire idem, page 9.
- bear idem, page 66.
- blow idem, page 85.
- bring idem, page 99.
- brook idem, page 101.
- carry idem, page 115.
- conduce to idem, page 157.
- convey idem, page 173.
- dart idem, page 195.
- dash idem, page 196.
- drift idem, page 252.
- endure idem, page 273.
- entail idem, page 276.
- fetch idem, page 317.
- float idem, page 328.
- flow idem, page 329.
- gain idem, page 352.
- get idem, page 358.
- glide idem, page 362.
- go idem, page 364.
- gravitate idem, page 371.
- harry idem, page 387.
- hasten idem, page 387.
- hurry idem, page 411.
- hurtle idem, page 411.
- incline idem, page 428.
- lead idem, page 481.
- move idem, page 544.
- obtain idem, page 568.
- pay idem, page 600.
- pillage idem, page 613.
- plunder idem, page 622.
- point idem, page 623.
- pour idem, page 630.
- procure idem, page 644.
- produce idem, page 644.
- put idem, page 660.
- race idem, page 667.
- range idem, page 670.
- ravage idem, page 673.
- return idem, page 708.
- ride idem, page 713.
- rob idem, page 719.
- run idem, page 726.
- rush idem, page 727.
- sack idem, page 728.
- scud idem, page 743.
- secure idem, page 747.
- shoot idem, page 767.
- shoulder idem, page 769.
- soar idem, page 790.
- speed idem, page 800.
- spoil idem, page 803.
- stand idem, page 810.
- stream idem, page 824.
- submit idem, page 831.
- suffer idem, page 835.
- support idem, page 841.
- sustain idem, page 846.
- sweep idem, page 847.
- take idem, page 852.
- tend idem, page 861.
- tolerate idem, page 880.
- trail idem, page 886.
- transport idem, page 889.
- trend idem, page 893.
- undergo idem, page 913.
- waft idem, page 958.
- waste idem, page 965.
- wave idem, page 967.
- win idem, page 980.
- womb idem, page 987.
- yield idem, page 996.
Greek
editAlternative forms
edit- φέρνω (férno, “to carry something a distance”)
Etymology
editLearnedly taken from Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō), from Proto-Hellenic *pʰérō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Compare the inherited form φέρνω (férno).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editφέρω • (féro) (past έφερα, passive φέρομαι)
Conjugation
editActive voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | φέρω | φέρω | φέρομαι | φερθώ |
2 sg | φέρεις | φέρεις | φέρεσαι | φερθείς |
3 sg | φέρει | φέρει | φέρεται | φερθεί |
1 pl | φέρουμε, [‑ομε] | φέρουμε, [‑ομε] | φερόμαστε | φερθούμε |
2 pl | φέρετε | φέρετε | φέρεστε, φερόσαστε | φερθείτε |
3 pl | φέρουν(ε) | φέρουν(ε) | φέρονται | φερθούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | έφερα | έφερα | φερόμουν(α) | φέρθηκα |
2 sg | έφερες | έφερες | φερόσουν(α) | φέρθηκες |
3 sg | έφερε | έφερε | φερόταν(ε) | φέρθηκε |
1 pl | φέραμε | φέραμε | φερόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | φερθήκαμε |
2 pl | φέρατε | φέρατε | φερόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | φερθήκατε |
3 pl | έφεραν, φέραν(ε) | έφεραν, φέραν(ε) | φέρονταν, (φερόντουσαν) | φέρθηκαν, φερθήκαν(ε) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα φέρω ➤ | θα φέρω ➤ | θα φέρομαι ➤ | θα φερθώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα φέρεις, … | θα φέρεις, … | θα φέρεσαι, … | θα φερθείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … φέρει έχω, έχεις, … φερμένο, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ |
έχω, έχεις, … φερθεί είμαι, είσαι, … φερμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … φέρει είχα, είχες, … φερμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
είχα, είχες, … φερθεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … φερμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φέρει θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φερμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φερθεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … φερμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | φέρε | φέρε | — | — |
2 pl | φέρετε | φέρτε, φέρετε | φέρεστε | φερθείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | φέροντας ➤ | φερόμενος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας φέρει ➤ | φερμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | φέρει | φερθεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Derived terms
edit- φερ' ειπείν (fer' eipeín, “for example”) (formal)
Related terms
edit- αναφέρω (anaféro, “mention, refer”)
- αποφέρω (apoféro, “yield, produce”)
- διαφέρω (diaféro, “differ”)
- εισφέρω (eisféro, “contribute”)
- εκφέρω (ekféro, “utter”)
- ενδιαφέρω (endiaféro, “interest”)
- επαναφέρω (epanaféro, “restore”)
- επιφέρω (epiféro)
- καταφέρω (kataféro, “inflict”), καταφέρομαι (kataféromai, “accuse”)
- μεταφέρω (metaféro, “transfer”)
- παραφέρομαι (paraféromai, “I behave out of line”)
- περιφέρω (periféro, “carry around”) > περιφέρεια f (periféreia, “circumference, periphery”)
- προαναφέρω (proanaféro, “mention beforehand”)
- προσφέρω (prosféro, “offer”)
- προφέρω (proféro, “pronounce”)
- συμπεριφέρομαι (symperiféromai, “behave”)
- συμπροφέρω (symproféro, “pronounce together”)
- συμφέρω (symféro)
- συνεισφέρω (syneisféro, “contribute”)
- συνεκφέρω (synekféro, “pronounce together”)
- υποφέρω (ypoféro, “suffer”)
- αυτόφωρο n (aftóforo)
- φαρέτρα f (farétra)
- φερέγγυος (feréngyos)
- φέρελπις (férelpis)
- φέρετρο n (féretro, “coffin”)
- φερέφωνο n (feréfono)
- φέρομαι (féromai, “to behave”) (passive equivalent)
- φερτός (fertós, “redeposited, transferred”)
- φερώνυμος (ferónymos)
- φορά n (forá, “impetus; time: occurrence”)
- φοράω (foráo, “I wear”), φορώ (foró)
- φορείο n (foreío, “stretcher”)
- -φόρος (-fóros, “carrier”)
- φόρος m (fóros, “tax, tribute”)
- φόρτος m (fórtos, “burden”)
- -φορώ (-foró, suffix for verbs)
Verb
editφέρω • (féro)
- 1st person singular dependent form of φέρνω (férno).
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer-
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek suppletive verbs
- Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Greek doublets
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek verbs conjugating like 'φέρω'
- Greek non-lemma forms
- Greek verb forms