Wiktionary:About Greek/Glossary
A glossary of terms used with Modern Greek entries in this dictionary.
- See also Appendix:Glossary for generally applied terms.
Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z — Table of Contents: Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω
AEdit
- absolute superlative
- A form of an adjective which expresses an exceptional quality of something without comparing it with anything else. For example:
- Αυτή η σαλάτα ήταν νοστιμότατη. — "That salad was most tasty."
- For similar forms see: positive, comparative, relative superlative & degrees of comparison.
- Αυτή η σαλάτα ήταν νοστιμότατη. — "That salad was most tasty."
BEdit
CEdit
- comparative
- Forms of an adjective which allow comparison between one thing and another. As in English they can be produced in two ways:
- Γιώργος είναι νεότερος από το Κωνσταντίνο — "Georgios is younger than Konstantinos."
- periphrastic form: τολμηρός (“bold”) → πιο τολμηρός (“more bold”)
- Κωνσταντίνος είναι πιο τολμηρός από τον Γιώργο — "Konstantinos is more bold than Georgios."
- For other forms see: positive, relative superlative, absolute superlative & degrees of comparison.
DEdit
- degree of comparison — βαθμός του επιθέτου
- The forms of an adjective (or adverb) which allow comparison of the nouns described. There are for νέος (“young”), in their simplest forms, the comparative: νεότερος (“younger”) and absolute superlative: νεότατος (“youngest”).
- For other forms and more detail see: positive, comparative, relative superlative & absolute superlative.
- dependent — εξαρτημένος τύπος
- The dependent form (also known as the perfective non-past or aorist subjunctive) of a verb expresses an action completed within a moment (e.g. "I wrote"), not continuously. It is never used on its own. It follows preverbal particles and other words such as: ας (as), να (na), θα (tha), ίσως (ísos), the negative μην (min) or the auxiliary verb έχω (écho). It may be active, or passive:
- It forms the subjunctive when used with various particles:
- Θέλω να γράψω στη μητέρα μου απόψε. — "I should write to my mother tonight."
- It forms the future simple tense when used in with the particle θα (tha):
- Θα γράψει στη μητέρα του. — "He will write to his mother."
- And it forms the various perfect tenses when used in conjunction with the auxiliary verb έχω (écho, “to have”):
- Έχει γράψει στη μητέρα του. — "He has written to his mother [already]."
EEdit
FEdit
GEdit
HEdit
IEdit
- imparisyllabic — ανισοσύλλαβος
- Of a noun whose plural forms have an extra syllable when compared with the singular (eg μεζές → μεζέδες). Compare with #parisyllabic.
- imperfect tense
- The imperfective or progressive past tense of a verb, indicating an action which was continuous, habitual, repeated or lasting a long time. It may be compared with the perfective or simple past.
- Περπατούσαμε όλο το πρωί. — "We walked all morning."
- έτρεχα κάθε πρωί. — "I ran every morning."
JEdit
KEdit
LEdit
MEdit
NEdit
OEdit
PEdit
- parisyllabic — ισοσύλλαβος
- Of a noun whose plural forms have the same number of syllables as the singular (eg θάλασσα → θάλασσες). Compare with #imparisyllabic.
- passive voice
- a verb in the passive voice has a subject which is not the person or thing doing the action, they are usually having the action done to them.
- διδάσκομαι — I am taught
- It should be compared with the active voice where the subject is usually the person doing the action — διδάσκω (“I teach”). Note that deponent verbs conjugate passively but have an active meaning — κάθομαι (“I sit”).
- past — see: #simple past
- perfect passive participle (Category:Greek declinable participles)
- A nonfinite verb form used as an adjective. They always end in -μένος, -η, -ο, declining in gender, number and case:
- (feminine singular) η λυμένη ζώνη — "the unbuckled belt"
- (neuter plural) τα λυμένα μαλλιά — "the loosened hair"
- They are used, normally only with transitive verbs, in the formation of perfect tenses in both their active and passive voices:
- (active) Ο Γιάννης είχε λυμένη τη ζώνη του. — "Yanni had unbuckled his belt."
- (passive) Τα μαλλιά της Ελένης ήταν λυμένα. — "Eleni's hair had been loosened."
QEdit
REdit
- relative superlative
- A form of an adjective which equivalent to the English superlative, it allows expression of the highest degree of a quality and is produced by using the definite article with the comparative form:
- Γιώργος είναι ο νεότερος. — "Georgios is the youngest."
- from the periphrastic form: πιο τολμηρός (“more bold”) → ο πιο τολμηρός (“the most bold”)
- Κωνσταντίνος είναι ο πιο τολμηρός. — "Konstantinos is the most bold, the boldest."
- For other forms see: positive, comparative, absolute superlative & degrees of comparison.
SEdit
- simple past tense
- The simple or perfective past indicates an action completed at some point in the past. It is also known as the past indefinite, preterite - or, in Greek, as the aorist. It may be compared with the imperfect or imperfective past.
- Περπατήσαμε στο κατάστημα. — "We walked to the shop."
- Έτρεξα για το λεωφορείο. — "I ran for the bus."
- superlative
- Greek has two superlative forms: relative superlative, absolute superlative.
TEdit
- T-V distinction
- The T-V distinction (from the Latin tu and vos) is found in many languages. When using the second-person to someone in Greek a choice must be made between using the singular or plural form of the verb. The choice made depends upon the relationship between the speaker and the person spoken to.
- The singular form is familiar and informal, used with family, friends, children and younger people:
- Γεια σου — "Hi", "hello"
- Τι κάνεις; — "Ηow are you?"
- The plural is polite and formal, and used with strangers and to give respect:
- Γεια σας — "Hello"
- Τι κάνετε; — "How are you?"
UEdit
VEdit
WEdit
XEdit
YEdit
ZEdit
Table of Contents: Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω
— Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z