кова

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kovàti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [koˈvɤ] (lemma)
• IPA^(key): [koˈva] (aorist)

Verb

кова́ • (ková) first-singular present indicative, impf

1. to forge, to hammer, to
2. to nail down, to nail in

   Synonyms: заковавам (zakovavam), забивам (zabivam)

3. to shoe

   Synonym: подковавам (podkovavam)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of кова́ (conjugation 1.2, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ковя́щ kovjášt	кова́л kovál	ковя́л kovjál	кова́н kován		кове́йки kovéjki
	definite subject form	ковя́щият kovjáštijat	кова́лият koválijat	—	кова́ният kovánijat
	definite object form	ковя́щия kovjáštija	кова́лия koválija	—	кова́ния kovánija
feminine	indefinite	ковя́ща kovjášta	кова́ла kovála	ковя́ла kovjála	кова́на kována
	definite	ковя́щата kovjáštata	кова́лата koválata	—	кова́ната kovánata
neuter	indefinite	ковя́що kovjášto	кова́ло koválo	ковя́ло kovjálo	кова́но kováno	кова́не kováne
	definite	ковя́щото kovjáštoto	кова́лото kováloto	—	кова́ното kovánoto	кова́нето kováneto
plural	indefinite	ковя́щи kovjášti	кова́ли kováli	кове́ли kovéli	кова́ни kováni	кова́ния, кова́нета kovánija, kováneta
	definite	ковя́щите kovjáštite	кова́лите koválite	—	кова́ните kovánite	кова́нията, кова́нетата kovánijata, kovánetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		кова́ ková	кове́ш kovéš	кове́ kové	кове́м kovém	кове́те kovéte	кова́т kovát
imperfect		ковя́х kovjáh	кове́ше kovéše	кове́ше kovéše	ковя́хме kovjáhme	ковя́хте kovjáhte	ковя́ха kovjáha
aorist		кова́х kováh	кова́ ková	кова́ ková	кова́хме kováhme	кова́хте kováhte	кова́ха kováha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ковя́л m, ковя́ла f, ковя́ло n, or кове́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ковя́л m, ковя́ла f, ковя́ло n, or кове́ли pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ковя́л m, ковя́ла f, ковя́ло n, or кове́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and кова́л m, кова́ла f, кова́ло n, or кова́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			кови́ koví			кове́те kovéte

Verb

кова́ • (ková)

1. second/third-person singular aorist indicative of кова́ (ková)

Macedonian

Alternative forms

• кове (kove)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kovati.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɔva]

Verb

кова • (kova) third-singular present, impf (perfective закова)

1. (transitive) to hammer, nail down, forge

Conjugation

Conjugation of кова (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	ковал	—	adjectival participle	кован
feminine	ковала	—	adverbial participle	ковајќи
neuter	ковало	—	verbal noun	ковање
plural	ковале	—	perfect participle	ковано
	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	ковам	ковав	—	—
2nd singular	коваш	коваше	—	ковај
3rd singular	кова	коваше	—	—
1st plural	коваме	ковавме	—	—
2nd plural	ковате	ковавте	—	ковајте
3rd plural	коваат	коваа	—	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум ковал		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам ковано		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев ковал		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав ковано		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал ковано		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе ковам		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам ковано		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе ковав		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав ковано		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум ковал		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал ковано		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би ковал		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал ковано		conditional of има + perfect participle