патя
Bulgarian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *patiti, limited to South Slavic languages. Cognate with Macedonian пати (pati), Serbo-Croatian па̏тити.
Either of expressive origin from the interjection Bulgarian пат (pat, “clap, dab”) or related (borrowed or akin) to Latin patior (“to suffer”), possibly Ancient Greek πᾰ́σχω (páskhō, “to undergo, to experience”) (see Ancient Greek πᾰ́θος (páthos, “pain, misfortune”) for further etymology).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editпа́тя • (pátja) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective па́щам or па́там)
- (intransitive) to fare misfortune, to suffer
- (transitive, dialectal, dated) to drag, to push
- (reflexive with си) to experience trouble, misery, pain, distress
Conjugation
edit Conjugation of па́тя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, intransitive)
participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | indefinite | па́тещ pátešt |
па́тил, пати́л1 pátil, patíl1 |
па́тел pátel |
— | па́тейки pátejki | |
definite subject form | па́тещият páteštijat |
па́тилият, пати́лият1 pátilijat, patílijat1 |
— | — | |||
definite object form | па́тещия páteštija |
па́тилия, пати́лия1 pátilija, patílija1 |
— | — | |||
feminine | indefinite | па́теща pátešta |
па́тила, пати́ла1 pátila, patíla1 |
па́тела pátela |
— | ||
definite | па́тещата páteštata |
па́тилата, пати́лата1 pátilata, patílata1 |
— | — | |||
neuter | indefinite | па́тещо pátešto |
па́тило, пати́ло1 pátilo, patílo1 |
па́тело pátelo |
— | па́тене pátene | |
definite | па́тещото páteštoto |
па́тилото, пати́лото1 pátiloto, patíloto1 |
— | — | па́тенето páteneto | ||
plural | indefinite | па́тещи pátešti |
па́тили, пати́ли1 pátili, patíli1 |
па́тели páteli |
— | па́тения, па́тенета pátenija, páteneta | |
definite | па́тещите páteštite |
па́тилите, пати́лите1 pátilite, patílite1 |
— | — | па́тенията, па́тенетата pátenijata, pátenetata |
person | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present | па́тя pátja |
па́тиш pátiš |
па́ти páti |
па́тим pátim |
па́тите pátite |
па́тят pátjat | |
imperfect | па́тех páteh |
па́теше páteše |
па́теше páteše |
па́техме pátehme |
па́техте pátehte |
па́теха páteha | |
aorist | па́тих, пати́х1 pátih, patíh1 |
па́ти, пати́1 páti, patí1 |
па́ти, пати́1 páti, patí1 |
па́тихме, пати́хме1 pátihme, patíhme1 |
па́тихте, пати́хте1 pátihte, patíhte1 |
па́тиха, пати́ха1 pátiha, patíha1 | |
future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | ||||||
past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | ||||||
renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and па́тел m, па́тела f, па́тело n, or па́тели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | ||||||
dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and па́тел m, па́тела f, па́тело n, or па́тели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | ||||||
conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and па́тел m, па́тела f, па́тело n, or па́тели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | ||||||
conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and па́тил/пати́л1 m, па́тила/пати́ла1 f, па́тило/пати́ло1 n, or па́тили/пати́ли1 pl | |||||||
imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
пати́ patí |
пате́те patéte |
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
edit- изпа́тя impf (izpátja), изпа́щам pf (izpáštam, “to suffer through”)
- напа́тя impf (napátja), напа́щам pf (napáštam), напа́тувам pf (napátuvam, “to go through trouble”)
- oпа́тя impf (opátja), опа́щам pf (opáštam, “to get through pain, trouble”)
- препа́тя impf (prepátja), препа́тувам pf (prepátuvam, “to endure hardship”)
- патло́ (patló, “burden”) (dialectal)
- пати́ло (patílo), пати́лка (patílka, “small suffering, pain, distress”)
- патия́ (patijá, “big hardship, suffering”) (obsolete)
- патила́н (patilán), патила́нец (patilánec, “troublemaker”)
- патник m (patnik), па́тница f (pátnica, “sufferer, victim”)
Related terms
edit- па́ткам (pátkam, “to bang, to dab, to clap”) (possibly)
- па́тос (pátos, “pathos”) (possibly, if really borrowed from Ancient Greek πᾰ́σχω (páskhō))
References
edit- “патя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “патя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “патя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 101
Categories:
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian verbs
- Bulgarian imperfective verbs
- Bulgarian intransitive verbs
- Bulgarian transitive verbs
- Bulgarian dialectal terms
- Bulgarian dated terms
- Bulgarian reflexive verbs
- Bulgarian terms with usage examples
- Bulgarian conjugation 2.1 verbs