Arabic

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Root
ت و ب (t w b)
4 terms

Etymology

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Denominal verb of تَوْبَة (tawba). Doublet of ثَابَ (ṯāba).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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تَابَ (tāba) I (non-past يَتُوبُ (yatūbu), verbal noun تَوْب (tawb) or تَوْبَة (tawba) or مَتَاب (matāb))

  1. to repent, to be penitent [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘to God’, along with عَنْ (ʕan) or مِنْ (min) ‘of a sin’]
    Synonyms: ثَابَ (ṯāba), رَجَعَ (rajaʕa), آبَ (ʔāba), أَنَابَ (ʔanāba), نَابَ (nāba)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 7:143:
      فَلَمَّآ أَفَاقَ قَالَ سُبۡحَـٰنَكَ تُبۡتُ إِلَيۡكَ وَأَنَا۠ أَوَّلُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ
      falammā ʔafāqa qāla subḥānaka tubtu ʔilayka waʔana ʔawwalu l-muʔminīna
      And when he (Moses) awoke, he said: "Exalted are You! I have repented to You, and I am the first of believers!"
  2. to accept repentance [with عَلَى (ʕalā)]
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:17:
      إِنَّمَا ٱلتَّوْبَةُ عَلَى اللَّهِ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ ٱلسُّوءَ بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِن قَرِيبٍ فَأُولَٰئِكَ يَتُوبُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
      ʔinnamā t-tawbatu ʕalā l-lahi lillaḏīna yaʕmalūna s-sūʔa bijahālatin ṯumma yatūbūna min qarībin faʔūlāʔika yatūbu l-lahu ʕalayhim wakāna l-lahu ʕalīman ḥakīman
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

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Conjugation of تَابَ (I, hollow, a ~ u, impersonal passive, verbal nouns تَوْب, تَوْبَة, مَتَاب)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
تَوْب, تَوْبَة, مَتَاب
tawb, tawba, matāb
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
تَائِب
tāʔib
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مَتُوب
matūb
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m تُبْتُ
tubtu
تُبْتَ
tubta
تَابَ
tāba
تُبْتُمَا
tubtumā
تَابَا
tābā
تُبْنَا
tubnā
تُبْتُمْ
tubtum
تَابُوا
tābū
f تُبْتِ
tubti
تَابَتْ
tābat
تَابَتَا
tābatā
تُبْتُنَّ
tubtunna
تُبْنَ
tubna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أَتُوبُ
ʔatūbu
تَتُوبُ
tatūbu
يَتُوبُ
yatūbu
تَتُوبَانِ
tatūbāni
يَتُوبَانِ
yatūbāni
نَتُوبُ
natūbu
تَتُوبُونَ
tatūbūna
يَتُوبُونَ
yatūbūna
f تَتُوبِينَ
tatūbīna
تَتُوبُ
tatūbu
تَتُوبَانِ
tatūbāni
تَتُبْنَ
tatubna
يَتُبْنَ
yatubna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أَتُوبَ
ʔatūba
تَتُوبَ
tatūba
يَتُوبَ
yatūba
تَتُوبَا
tatūbā
يَتُوبَا
yatūbā
نَتُوبَ
natūba
تَتُوبُوا
tatūbū
يَتُوبُوا
yatūbū
f تَتُوبِي
tatūbī
تَتُوبَ
tatūba
تَتُوبَا
tatūbā
تَتُبْنَ
tatubna
يَتُبْنَ
yatubna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أَتُبْ
ʔatub
تَتُبْ
tatub
يَتُبْ
yatub
تَتُوبَا
tatūbā
يَتُوبَا
yatūbā
نَتُبْ
natub
تَتُوبُوا
tatūbū
يَتُوبُوا
yatūbū
f تَتُوبِي
tatūbī
تَتُبْ
tatub
تَتُوبَا
tatūbā
تَتُبْنَ
tatubna
يَتُبْنَ
yatubna
imperative
الْأَمْر
m تُبْ
tub
تُوبَا
tūbā
تُوبُوا
tūbū
f تُوبِي
tūbī
تُبْنَ
tubna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m تِيبَ
tība
f
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m يُتَابُ
yutābu
f
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m يُتَابَ
yutāba
f
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m يُتَبْ
yutab
f

Derived terms

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Persian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Iranian *tāp-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tāpás, from Proto-Indo-European *tep-.[1]

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? tāb
Dari reading? tāb
Iranian reading? tâb
Tajik reading? tob
  • Audio (Iran):(file)

Verb

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تاب (tâb)

  1. present stem form of تافتن (tâftan, to glow, to be warm)

Noun

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Dari تاب
Iranian Persian
Tajik тоб

تاب (tâb)

  1. heat, warmth
  2. glow, radiance
  3. burning, illumination
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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Proto-Iranian *tāp-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *temp-, extended form of *ten- (to stretch).[2]

Verb

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تاب (tâb)

  1. present stem form of تافتن (tâftan, to twist, to turn away)

Noun

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تاب (tâb)

  1. swing (hanging seat)
  2. (poetic) curly lock of hair

Etymology 3

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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Dari تاب
Iranian Persian
Tajik тоб

تاب (tâb)

  1. strength, ability
    • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 216:
      گفت و گوی او کنم تا صبح هر شب در خیال
      تاب وصلش چون ندارم از خیال خود خوشم
      guft u gō-yi ō kunam tā subh har šab dar xayāl
      tāb-i waslaš čūn na-dāram az xayāl-i xwad xwašam
      Every night, I converse with her until dawn in my dreams;
      As I do not have the strength to meet her, I am pleased with my dreams.
      (Classical Persian transliteration)

References

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  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “379”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “390”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Further reading

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