باب

See also: تأت, پاپ, بات, تاب, تأب, and باپ

Arabic

بَاب

Root
ب و ب (b w b)
5 terms

Etymology

Usually considered a borrowing from Aramaic בָּבָא (bāḇā, “gate”), from Akkadian 𒆍 (bābum, “gate”), particularly since the Arabs, living in tents, did not need doors. However, Hans Bauer considers all of these words native, explaining the formation as an ancient univerbation of etyma equivalent to Arabic بَاءَ (bāʔa) بِ (bi) “he has entered into (the house)”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baːb/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

بَاب • (bāb) m (plural أَبْوَاب (ʔabwāb) or بِيبَان (bībān))

1. door, gate
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:58:

     وَادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُولُوا حِطَّةٌ

     wādḵulū al-bāba sujjadan waqūlū ḥiṭṭatun

     [And] enter the gate with humility [...]

2. opening, gateway
3. entrance
4. gullet, weasand
   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 33, Art. 10, page 677 line 6:

     وقد تخرج للدابة من حنكها ويسمي التحنيك وصفة العمل في ذلك إذا أحنكت الدابة فأفتح لها من الدرجة الثالثة والرابعة ولا تفتح لها قرب الباب لأن الدم ربما عسر إمساكه فتلف الدابة.

     One may extract the blood from the jaw of a beast and it is called taḥnīk and the operation consists in that you have bound the beast with a chinstrap and now cut it open to the third or fourth degree but don’t open it close the throat as it may be difficult to contain the blood and the beast will succumb.

5. opportunity, a chance, opening
6. military tactic, maneuver, an opening to use a strategy
7. chapter, section, column
8. group, class, category
9. (astronomy) appearance of an astronomical body, a juncture, an opening to observe
10. (figurative) domain, field

Declension

Declension of noun بَاب (bāb)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بَاب bāb	الْبَاب al-bāb	بَاب bāb
nominative	بَابٌ bābun	الْبَابُ al-bābu	بَابُ bābu
accusative	بَابًا bāban	الْبَابَ al-bāba	بَابَ bāba
genitive	بَابٍ bābin	الْبَابِ al-bābi	بَابِ bābi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بَابَيْن bābayn	الْبَابَيْن al-bābayn	بَابَيْ bābay
nominative	بَابَانِ bābāni	الْبَابَانِ al-bābāni	بَابَا bābā
accusative	بَابَيْنِ bābayni	الْبَابَيْنِ al-bābayni	بَابَيْ bābay
genitive	بَابَيْنِ bābayni	الْبَابَيْنِ al-bābayni	بَابَيْ bābay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَبْوَاب‎; بِيبَان ʔabwāb‎; bībān	الْأَبْوَاب‎; الْبِيبَان al-ʔabwāb‎; al-bībān	أَبْوَاب‎; بِيبَان ʔabwāb‎; bībān
nominative	أَبْوَابٌ‎; بِيبَانٌ ʔabwābun‎; bībānun	الْأَبْوَابُ‎; الْبِيبَانُ al-ʔabwābu‎; al-bībānu	أَبْوَابُ‎; بِيبَانُ ʔabwābu‎; bībānu
accusative	أَبْوَابًا‎; بِيبَانًا ʔabwāban‎; bībānan	الْأَبْوَابَ‎; الْبِيبَانَ al-ʔabwāba‎; al-bībāna	أَبْوَابَ‎; بِيبَانَ ʔabwāba‎; bībāna
genitive	أَبْوَابٍ‎; بِيبَانٍ ʔabwābin‎; bībānin	الْأَبْوَابِ‎; الْبِيبَانِ al-ʔabwābi‎; al-bībāni	أَبْوَابِ‎; بِيبَانِ ʔabwābi‎; bībāni

Derived terms

• مِنْ بَابِ أَوْلَى (min bābi ʔawlā)
• مَقْبِض الْبَاب (maqbiḍ al-bāb, “doorknob”)
• بَابَة (bāba)
• بَوَّاب (bawwāb)
• بَوَّابَة (bawwāba)
• تَبْوِيب (tabwīb)
• مُبَوَّب (mubawwab)

Descendants

• Maltese: bieb
• → Middle Armenian: պապ (pap), բաբ (bab)
• → Malay: bab
  • Indonesian: bab
• → Persian: باب
• → Ottoman Turkish: باب (bab)
  • Turkish: bap
• → Turkmen: bap

References

• Bauer, Hans (1935) “Etymologica II”, in Zeitschrift für Semitistik und verwandte Gebiete‎^[1] (in German), volume 10, page 165
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 14
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “باب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 170
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 74
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “باب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[3], London: W.H. Allen, page 101
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “باب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
• Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 30

Chadian Arabic

Root
ب و ب
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic بَاب (bāb).

Noun

باب • (bāb) m (plural بيبان (bībān))

1. door

References

• Heath, Judith, Mahadi, Mahamat Zene (2021) Lexique Arabe Tchadien-Français‎^[4] (in French), 11th edition, N'Djamena, Chad: SIL Chad, page 24

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بَاب (bāb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbæːb]

Noun

باب • (bāb) m (plural بيبان (bibā́n))

1. door

Malay

Adjective

باب (plural باب-باب or باب٢)

1. Jawi spelling of bab.‎‎

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بَاب (bāb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baːb/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

باب • (bāb) m or f (plural بيبان (bībān) or بواب (bwāb))

1. door, gate

Persian

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [bɑːβ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bɑːb]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bɑːb]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bɑːb]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bɔːb̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bɒːb̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bɔb]

Readings
Classical reading?	bāḇ
Dari reading?	bāb
Iranian reading?	bâb
Tajik reading?	bob

Etymology 1

Adjective

باب • (bāb / bâb)

1. appropriate

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Akkadian bābumbor.

Aramaic בָּבָאbor.

Arabic بَاب (bāb)bor.

Persian باب

Borrowed from Arabic بَاب (bāb, “gate”).

Noun

Dari	باب
Iranian Persian
Tajik	боб

باب • (bāb / bâb) (plural باب‌ها (bāb-hā / bâb-hâ))

1. chapter (of a written work)

   Synonyms: فصل (fasl), فرگرد (fargard), چپتر (čapter)

2. (archaic, original sense) door, gate

   Synonym: در (dar)

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3763:

     چون تو بابی آن مدینه‌‌ی علم را
     چون شعاعی آفتاب حلم را

     čūn tū bābē ān madīna-yi ilm rā
     čūn šu'ā'ē āftāb-i hilm rā

     Since thou art the gate of the city of Knowledge,
     since thou art the beams of the sun of Clemency.

Proper noun

Dari	باب
Iranian Persian
Tajik	Боб

باب • (bāb / bâb)

1. Báb

Derived terms

• بابی (bābī / bâbi)
• بابیه (bābiyya / bâbiyye)

Etymology 3

Noun

باب • (bāb / bâb)

1. (archaic) father

Etymology 4

Borrowed from English Bob.

Proper noun

باب • (bāb / bâb)

1. A transliteration of the English male given name diminutive Bob

   باب اسفنجی ― bâb esfanji ― SpongeBob

   باب دیلن ― bâb dilen ― Bob Dylan

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بَاب (bāb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baːb/, [bæːb]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Noun

باب • (bāb) m (plural بواب (bwāb))

1. door
2. gate

   Synonym: بوابة (bawwābe)

3. entrance

   Synonym: مدخل (madḵal)

Sudanese Arabic

Root
ب و ب
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic بَاب (bāb).

Noun

باب • (bāb) m (plural بيبان (bībān) or أبواب (ʔabwāb))

1. door

Descendants

• Juba Arabic: bab
• Nubi: bab

References

• Hillelson, Sigmar (1925) Sudan Arabic: English–Arabic Vocabulary‎^[5], London, United Kingdom: Sudan Government, page 87
• The Catholic Language Institute Khartoum (C.L.I.K) (2008) Spoken Arabic of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, page 241