جرن

See also: حزن, جزن, and خزن

Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

From the root ج ر م (j-r-m) from which جَرَمَ (jarama, “to cut off, to pick (fruits from the palm”), applied primarily for palm harvests and then in other regions without palm cultivation for corn. In the sense of a stone implement where something is fused borrowed from Aramaic גּוּרְנָה / ܓܘܽܪܢܳܐ (gurnā, “stone trough”), from Akkadian 𒄖𒊒𒌦𒉡 (/⁠gurunnu, garunnu⁠/, “a small ritual jug, urn, or basin; possibly a mortar”), from which is also Ancient Greek γοῦρνα (goûrna, “urn; basin, sink; mortar”). The sense of a threshing-floor is also found in Hebrew גורן / גֹּרֶן (gṓren, “threshing-floor”), Ugaritic 𐎂𐎗𐎐 (grn /⁠gurnu⁠/, “threshing-floor”), Akkadian 𒈠𒀝𒊏𒈾𒋾 (/⁠magrattu⁠/, “threshing-floor”), Ge'ez ጕርን, ጎርን, ጉርን (gʷərn, gorn, gurn, “threshing-floor”), Blin ወረና (wäräna, “threshing-floor”).

Alternative forms edit

(threshing-floor): جَرِين (jarīn) — Ḥijāz, Yemen — جِرْن (jirn) — Yemen — مَجْرَن (majran), مِجْرَان (mijrān), مِجْرَن (mijran) — Yemen — جُرْنَة (gurna) — Morocco — جَنُّور (gannūr) — Oman
(mortar for the kitchen): نِجْر (nijr)

Noun edit

جُرْن • (jurn) m (plural أَجْرَان (ʔajrān))

threshing-floor, surface where grain sheaves or where dates are collected, heap of harvest
basin, font, trough, hole where liquid retreats
mixing tub, mortar box, bin where plaster is compounded
mortar, vessel where foodstuff is ground

Declension edit

Declension of noun جُرْن (jurn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جُرْن jurn	الْجُرْن al-jurn	جُرْن jurn
Nominative	جُرْنٌ jurnun	الْجُرْنُ al-jurnu	جُرْنُ jurnu
Accusative	جُرْنًا jurnan	الْجُرْنَ al-jurna	جُرْنَ jurna
Genitive	جُرْنٍ jurnin	الْجُرْنِ al-jurni	جُرْنِ jurni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جُرْنَيْن jurnayn	الْجُرْنَيْن al-jurnayn	جُرْنَيْ jurnay
Nominative	جُرْنَانِ jurnāni	الْجُرْنَانِ al-jurnāni	جُرْنَا jurnā
Accusative	جُرْنَيْنِ jurnayni	الْجُرْنَيْنِ al-jurnayni	جُرْنَيْ jurnay
Genitive	جُرْنَيْنِ jurnayni	الْجُرْنَيْنِ al-jurnayni	جُرْنَيْ jurnay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَجْرَان ʔajrān	الْأَجْرَان al-ʔajrān	أَجْرَان ʔajrān
Nominative	أَجْرَانٌ ʔajrānun	الْأَجْرَانُ al-ʔajrānu	أَجْرَانُ ʔajrānu
Accusative	أَجْرَانًا ʔajrānan	الْأَجْرَانَ al-ʔajrāna	أَجْرَانَ ʔajrāna
Genitive	أَجْرَانٍ ʔajrānin	الْأَجْرَانِ al-ʔajrāni	أَجْرَانِ ʔajrāni

Derived terms edit

أَجْرَنَ (ʔajrana, “to collect dates in the date-heap”)

Etymology 2 edit

From جُرْن (jurn) in the sense of being worn down, to be ground or worked metaphorically like as if by a grinding stone.

Verb edit

جَرَنَ • (jarana) I, non-past يَجْرُنُ‎ (yajrunu)

to become threadbare and smooth, to get worn-in, to be well used
to become accustomed, to get used

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of

جَرَنَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun جُرُون)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					جُرُون jurūn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					جَارِن jārin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَجْرُون majrūn
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَرَنْتُ jarantu	جَرَنْتَ jaranta	جَرَنَ jarana	جَرَنْتُمَا jarantumā	جَرَنَا jaranā	جَرَنَّا jarannā	جَرَنْتُمْ jarantum	جَرَنُوا jaranū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	جَرَنْتُ jarantu	جَرَنْتِ jaranti	جَرَنَتْ jaranat	جَرَنْتُمَا jarantumā	جَرَنَتَا jaranatā	جَرَنَّا jarannā	جَرَنْتُنَّ jarantunna	جَرَنَّ jaranna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجْرُنُ ʔajrunu	تَجْرُنُ tajrunu	يَجْرُنُ yajrunu	تَجْرُنَانِ tajrunāni	يَجْرُنَانِ yajrunāni	نَجْرُنُ najrunu	تَجْرُنُونَ tajrunūna	يَجْرُنُونَ yajrunūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَجْرُنُ ʔajrunu	تَجْرُنِينَ tajrunīna	تَجْرُنُ tajrunu	تَجْرُنَانِ tajrunāni	تَجْرُنَانِ tajrunāni	نَجْرُنُ najrunu	تَجْرُنَّ tajrunna	يَجْرُنَّ yajrunna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجْرُنَ ʔajruna	تَجْرُنَ tajruna	يَجْرُنَ yajruna	تَجْرُنَا tajrunā	يَجْرُنَا yajrunā	نَجْرُنَ najruna	تَجْرُنُوا tajrunū	يَجْرُنُوا yajrunū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَجْرُنَ ʔajruna	تَجْرُنِي tajrunī	تَجْرُنَ tajruna	تَجْرُنَا tajrunā	تَجْرُنَا tajrunā	نَجْرُنَ najruna	تَجْرُنَّ tajrunna	يَجْرُنَّ yajrunna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجْرُنْ ʔajrun	تَجْرُنْ tajrun	يَجْرُنْ yajrun	تَجْرُنَا tajrunā	يَجْرُنَا yajrunā	نَجْرُنْ najrun	تَجْرُنُوا tajrunū	يَجْرُنُوا yajrunū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَجْرُنْ ʔajrun	تَجْرُنِي tajrunī	تَجْرُنْ tajrun	تَجْرُنَا tajrunā	تَجْرُنَا tajrunā	نَجْرُنْ najrun	تَجْرُنَّ tajrunna	يَجْرُنَّ yajrunna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُجْرُنْ ujrun		اُجْرُنَا ujrunā			اُجْرُنُوا ujrunū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اُجْرُنِي ujrunī		اُجْرُنَا ujrunā			اُجْرُنَّ ujrunna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	جُرِنَ jurina	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُجْرَنُ yujranu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُجْرَنَ yujrana	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُجْرَنْ yujran	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Etymology 3 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

جُرْنَ • (jurna) (form I)

second-person feminine plural active imperative of جَارَ (jāra)
third-person feminine plural past active of جَارَ (jāra)

Noun edit

جُرُن • (jurun) pl

plural of جَرِين (jarīn, “surface where grain sheaves or where dates are collected, heap of harvest”)
plural of جِرَان (jirān, “under part of the neck of a camel”)

References edit

“gwrn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2005) Arabische Dialektgeographie. Eine Einführung (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 78) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 30–31
Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2012) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band II: Materielle Kultur (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100/II) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 356
Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “جرن”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 189
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 25
Freytag, Georg (1830) “جرن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 270
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “جرن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 283
Lane, Edward William (1863) “جرن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, page 414
Leslau, Wolf (1991) “ጕርን, ጎርን, ጉርን”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 203
Olmo Lete, Gregorio del with Sanmartín, Joaquín and Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2015) “grn”, in A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 112), 3rd edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 305